f,dalfha m<uqjeks ldu Ñ;%mgh ksmojk ,oafoa 1896 § m%xYldrhka fofokl= úisks tys Odjk ld,h úkdä y;ls ;re‚hla kdk ldurhlg jeo iakdkhg fmr we÷ï bj;a lrk whqre tys ;sì‚ .eyekqka we÷ï udre lrk foi n,d i;=gq ùu tla;rd ldu frda.hls nqÿka jykafia jir 2500 lg fmr foaYkd l< mßÈ yeu fohlau to;a isÿ úh wo;a isÿ fjhs fyg;a isÿ jkjd we; ta wkqj ldfudakaudoh kue;s frda.h to;a ;snqfKah wo;a ;sfí fyg;a ;sfnkjd we;
Y%S ,xldjg uq,a jrg íÆ *s,aï f.fkk ,oafoa fojeks f,dal hqoaO ld,fha§ h furg hqo le|jqrej,g f.kjq;a oukq ,en isá n%s;dkH fid,aodÿjkag keröu ms‚i l¿ iqÿ j¾Kj,ska ;kk ,o fï Ñ;%mg f.kajk ,§ tajd ñ,s óg¾ 8 la m<, l=vd o< fiahdmgj,g kÛd ;snQ w;r l=vd fm%dfclag¾ hka;% u.ska iqÿ ì;a;s u;g fma%IKh flß‚ tl, iqoaoka fukau l¿ wm%sldkq ^ldmsß* fin¿o fuys l|jqrej, isá kuq;a wm%sldkqjkag tu Ñ;%mg fkdfmkajk ,§ iqÿ hqo ks,OdÍka thg fya;= jYfhka lshd isáfha wä yhyudrla muK Wi ldmsß ñksiqka tajd krUd ldud.aksh wjÈ lr .;fyd;a isxy, .ïudkj,g mek ;re‚hka ¥IKh lsÍug bv we;s njh fï w;r tla;rd ;efkl iqoaoka iuQyhla íÆ *s,aïia krUoa§ îu;a ldmsß fin¿ iuQyhla t;ekg lvdje§ nf,ka Ñ;%mgh n,kakg jQy miqj th wdrjq,la jQ w;r l=vd le/q,a,la we;s úh iqoaokag íÆ *s,aï fmkaùu t;ekska ksu úh thska miqj o ,xldfõ ;eka;ekaj, l=vd .=ínEhï ;=< ñ,s óg¾ 8 o< fiahdmg u.ska úfoaYSh íÆ *s,aï fmkajk ,§ kd.ßl .xcdldrfhd;a, mdovfhda;a tajd ne,Sug meñ‚hy ck.yk j¾Okh, kd.ßlh mq¿,a ùu, ,snr,a Ñka;kh jeks ldrKd ksid 1977 jk úg íÆ *s,aï fmkaùu C%ufhka jeä úh 1977 ka miq rg ;=<g m%jdyhla fuka tkakg mgka .;a ùäfhda hka;%, ùäfhda leiÜ ksid bÈß jir lsysmh ;=< ;;a;ajh jvd;a krl w;g yeßK fï wkqj fld<U k.rfha yeu uqvqlal=jlu mdfya íÆ *s,aï .=ínEhï we;s úh 1980 § fujeks .=ínEhula ;=<§ íÆ *s,aï tlla ne,Sug wh l< uqo, remsh,a 5 ls 1982 § tu .Kk remsh,a 30 ls tl .=ínEhula ;=<g jrlg fma%laIlhka 25 la muK mgjk ,§ .xcd ÿï yd;amiska me;sr hoa§ ùäfhda hka;%h C%shd;aul jQ w;r weußlka fyda m%xY íÆ *s,aï fonia we;sj fyda ke;sj rEmjdyskS ;srh u; Èiaúh
f,dalfha fndfyda rgj, ixúOdkd;aul íÆ *s,aï l¾udka;hla ;sfí we;eï rgj, fï l¾udka;h ;ykï jqjo, we;eï rgl 100] la kS;Hkql+, h fuh jd¾Islj fvd,¾ ì,shk .Kkla Wmojk, k¿ ks<shka iy ld¾ñlhka ñ,shk .Kkla Ôj;ajk fhdaO l¾udka;hls wmg hdno bkaÈhdfõ mjd w;s úYd, uÜgñka fï l¾udka;h ;snqKo ^tfy;a th kS;s úfrdaëh* Y%S ,xldj ;=< ixúOdkd;aul íÆ *s,aï l¾udka;hla ke; jD;a;Suh uÜgñka, Y%S ,dxlsl ks<shka fhdod ksmojk ,o Ñ;%mg we;af;a folla mu‚ ta folu wka;¾cd,hg uqod yer ;sî miq.sh ld,fha§ bj;a lrk ,§
fuhska m<uqjk Ñ;%mgh rEm.; lr we;af;a fuhska jir 15 lg muK fmr h tys m%Odk pß;h rÛmdk ;reKhd fuhg fmr Ñ;%mghl ;nd uy mdrl jqj wm oel ke;s wÆ;au wfhls tys isák m%Odk iy tlu ks<sh iïudk,dNS iskud ;drldjla jk w;r fudag¾ r: wu;r fldgia jHdmdrhla ysñ Okj;a újdyhlhl=g /qjà uq¿ Ôú;hu úkdY lr .;a ;re‚hls iskudjg meñ‚ uq,a wjêfha§u weh u;a meka mdkhg iy ÿïjeáj,g weíneys jQjdh wk;=rej fjk;a u;ao%jHj,g o fhduq jQjdh weh fmr lS íÆ *s,aï tl mqrdu rÛmdkafka u;ameka mdkh lrñka iy is.rÜ fndñks uq¿ Ñ;%mgh mqrdu weh rÛmdkafka wisysfhka fuks Ñ;%mgh rEm.; lsÍu i|yd fldaK jeä m%udKhla Ndú;d lr ke; tfiau Ñ;%mgh b;du wvqfjka ixialrKh lr ;sfí o¾Yk ;,h o b;du wms<sfj<h fuu Ñ;%mgh úl=Kd ,dN ,eîfï wfmalaIdfjka l< njla fkdfmfka fun÷ Ñ;%mg wka;¾cd,h yrydu ñ,g .kakd fjí wvú wo fuka tod ;snqfKa ke; tneúka tod fïjd ;kk ,oafoa ryfia m%o¾Ykh lr ,sx.sl W;af;ackhla ,nd .ekSu tlu mrud¾:h lr f.kh
wka;¾cd,fha ;sfnk wfkla isxy, íÆ *s,aï tl o jir 20 lg muK fmr idok ,oaols tys rÛmdk ks<sh o iqm%lg iïudk,dNS iskud ;rejls wef.a uj o 1960 .Kkaj, iskudfõ m%lg ;drldjla jQjdh b;d lmá f,i msßñka úiska rjgk ,ÿj fï ujf.a;a Èh‚hf.a;a újdy Ôú; lvdlmam,a úh bka miq fï fofokdu ld,fhka ld,hg w;ska w;g udre jQy ldu Ñ;%mgfha fmkajkafka ks<sh ¥IKh lrk wdldrhhs th úkdä 10 la muK Odjk ld,hla iys;h
fï w;r miq.sh ld,fha fnfyúka ckm%sh jQ ;reK iy iqrEmS fg,s kdgH ks<shlf.a íÆ *s,aï tlla o wka;¾cd,fhys ;sfí th fydag,a ldurhla ;=<§ .kakd ,oaols Ñ;%mgh mgka .kafka ks<shf.a wv ksrej;a rx.khlsks tys rÛmdk ;reKhd wÆ;au yd,amdrefjls fuu Ñ;%mgh fmr lS ks<shf.a wkqoekqu iys;j idok ,oaola nj fmfkhs fï fudfydf;a§ fï ks<sh Y%S ,xldfõ ke; wka;¾cd,h hkq uld oeñh fkdyels le<,ls lsishï Ñ;%mghla tla fjí wvúhlska bj;a lrk úg th ;j;a fjí wvú oyilska u;= fjhs tneúka fï ;reK ks<sh fuys rÛmEfuka ksje/qÈ lsÍug neß ;rï ydkshla lrf.k we;
íÆ *s,aï tlla fyda fmda¾ka uqú tlla rEm.; lrk C%u lsysmhla ;sfí ta fufiah
1 tys isák ;re‚hf.a wNsu;fhka f;drj ^weh ;ud isák íÆ *s,aï tlla wka;¾ cd,fhys we;s nj oek .kafka ;=kajeks md¾Yajhla fj;sks* ;reKhdf.a wNsu;h mßÈ 2 ;reKhd iy ;re‚h hk fofokdf.au wNsu;h mßÈ 3 fï fofokdf.au wNsu;fhka f;drj 4 jD;a;Sh íÆ *s,aï k¿ ks<shka fhdod l¾udka;hla jYfhka
Y%S ,xldfõ íÆ *s,aï ksIamdokh isÿjkafka fï C%uj,ska m<uq C%u ;=kg wkqjh tu m<uqjk C%uh miq.sh i;sfha ,smsh u.ska idlÉPqd lrk ,§ ta wkqj fmïj;d fmïj;shg fydfrka fydag,a ldurfha fïihla u; ish whsfidaka tl fyj;a leurd cx.u ÿrl:kh C%shd;aul lr r|jk w;r ihkh u; isÿjk foh tys igyka fjhs ;reK hqj<f.a wNsu;fhka f;drj fuh isÿjk wjia:dj,§ thg j.lsjhq;a;d fydag,aldrhd h Tyq fydag,a ldurfha ihkh u; isÿjk oe .%yKh lr .; yels ;ekl fyda ;eka lsysmhl web Êm kue;s l=vd leurd iúlrhs fun÷ leurdj,ska ,nd .kakd o¾Yk fjk;a ldurhl we;s rEmjdyskshla u.ska iÔùj fmkajk kSp fydag,a ysñhl= .ek fuhg foi;shlg muK fmr jd¾;d úh Tyq tu iÔù o¾Yk uqo,a whlr fmkajk nj o fy<súh
Y%S ,xldjg uq,a jrg íÆ *s,aï f.fkk ,oafoa fojeks f,dal hqoaO ld,fha§ h furg hqo le|jqrej,g f.kjq;a oukq ,en isá n%s;dkH fid,aodÿjkag keröu ms‚i l¿ iqÿ j¾Kj,ska ;kk ,o fï Ñ;%mg f.kajk ,§ tajd ñ,s óg¾ 8 la m<, l=vd o< fiahdmgj,g kÛd ;snQ w;r l=vd fm%dfclag¾ hka;% u.ska iqÿ ì;a;s u;g fma%IKh flß‚ tl, iqoaoka fukau l¿ wm%sldkq ^ldmsß* fin¿o fuys l|jqrej, isá kuq;a wm%sldkqjkag tu Ñ;%mg fkdfmkajk ,§ iqÿ hqo ks,OdÍka thg fya;= jYfhka lshd isáfha wä yhyudrla muK Wi ldmsß ñksiqka tajd krUd ldud.aksh wjÈ lr .;fyd;a isxy, .ïudkj,g mek ;re‚hka ¥IKh lsÍug bv we;s njh fï w;r tla;rd ;efkl iqoaoka iuQyhla íÆ *s,aïia krUoa§ îu;a ldmsß fin¿ iuQyhla t;ekg lvdje§ nf,ka Ñ;%mgh n,kakg jQy miqj th wdrjq,la jQ w;r l=vd le/q,a,la we;s úh iqoaokag íÆ *s,aï fmkaùu t;ekska ksu úh thska miqj o ,xldfõ ;eka;ekaj, l=vd .=ínEhï ;=< ñ,s óg¾ 8 o< fiahdmg u.ska úfoaYSh íÆ *s,aï fmkajk ,§ kd.ßl .xcdldrfhd;a, mdovfhda;a tajd ne,Sug meñ‚hy ck.yk j¾Okh, kd.ßlh mq¿,a ùu, ,snr,a Ñka;kh jeks ldrKd ksid 1977 jk úg íÆ *s,aï fmkaùu C%ufhka jeä úh 1977 ka miq rg ;=<g m%jdyhla fuka tkakg mgka .;a ùäfhda hka;%, ùäfhda leiÜ ksid bÈß jir lsysmh ;=< ;;a;ajh jvd;a krl w;g yeßK fï wkqj fld<U k.rfha yeu uqvqlal=jlu mdfya íÆ *s,aï .=ínEhï we;s úh 1980 § fujeks .=ínEhula ;=<§ íÆ *s,aï tlla ne,Sug wh l< uqo, remsh,a 5 ls 1982 § tu .Kk remsh,a 30 ls tl .=ínEhula ;=<g jrlg fma%laIlhka 25 la muK mgjk ,§ .xcd ÿï yd;amiska me;sr hoa§ ùäfhda hka;%h C%shd;aul jQ w;r weußlka fyda m%xY íÆ *s,aï fonia we;sj fyda ke;sj rEmjdyskS ;srh u; Èiaúh
f,dalfha fndfyda rgj, ixúOdkd;aul íÆ *s,aï l¾udka;hla ;sfí we;eï rgj, fï l¾udka;h ;ykï jqjo, we;eï rgl 100] la kS;Hkql+, h fuh jd¾Islj fvd,¾ ì,shk .Kkla Wmojk, k¿ ks<shka iy ld¾ñlhka ñ,shk .Kkla Ôj;ajk fhdaO l¾udka;hls wmg hdno bkaÈhdfõ mjd w;s úYd, uÜgñka fï l¾udka;h ;snqKo ^tfy;a th kS;s úfrdaëh* Y%S ,xldj ;=< ixúOdkd;aul íÆ *s,aï l¾udka;hla ke; jD;a;Suh uÜgñka, Y%S ,dxlsl ks<shka fhdod ksmojk ,o Ñ;%mg we;af;a folla mu‚ ta folu wka;¾cd,hg uqod yer ;sî miq.sh ld,fha§ bj;a lrk ,§
fuhska m<uqjk Ñ;%mgh rEm.; lr we;af;a fuhska jir 15 lg muK fmr h tys m%Odk pß;h rÛmdk ;reKhd fuhg fmr Ñ;%mghl ;nd uy mdrl jqj wm oel ke;s wÆ;au wfhls tys isák m%Odk iy tlu ks<sh iïudk,dNS iskud ;drldjla jk w;r fudag¾ r: wu;r fldgia jHdmdrhla ysñ Okj;a újdyhlhl=g /qjà uq¿ Ôú;hu úkdY lr .;a ;re‚hls iskudjg meñ‚ uq,a wjêfha§u weh u;a meka mdkhg iy ÿïjeáj,g weíneys jQjdh wk;=rej fjk;a u;ao%jHj,g o fhduq jQjdh weh fmr lS íÆ *s,aï tl mqrdu rÛmdkafka u;ameka mdkh lrñka iy is.rÜ fndñks uq¿ Ñ;%mgh mqrdu weh rÛmdkafka wisysfhka fuks Ñ;%mgh rEm.; lsÍu i|yd fldaK jeä m%udKhla Ndú;d lr ke; tfiau Ñ;%mgh b;du wvqfjka ixialrKh lr ;sfí o¾Yk ;,h o b;du wms<sfj<h fuu Ñ;%mgh úl=Kd ,dN ,eîfï wfmalaIdfjka l< njla fkdfmfka fun÷ Ñ;%mg wka;¾cd,h yrydu ñ,g .kakd fjí wvú wo fuka tod ;snqfKa ke; tneúka tod fïjd ;kk ,oafoa ryfia m%o¾Ykh lr ,sx.sl W;af;ackhla ,nd .ekSu tlu mrud¾:h lr f.kh
wka;¾cd,fha ;sfnk wfkla isxy, íÆ *s,aï tl o jir 20 lg muK fmr idok ,oaols tys rÛmdk ks<sh o iqm%lg iïudk,dNS iskud ;rejls wef.a uj o 1960 .Kkaj, iskudfõ m%lg ;drldjla jQjdh b;d lmá f,i msßñka úiska rjgk ,ÿj fï ujf.a;a Èh‚hf.a;a újdy Ôú; lvdlmam,a úh bka miq fï fofokdu ld,fhka ld,hg w;ska w;g udre jQy ldu Ñ;%mgfha fmkajkafka ks<sh ¥IKh lrk wdldrhhs th úkdä 10 la muK Odjk ld,hla iys;h
fï w;r miq.sh ld,fha fnfyúka ckm%sh jQ ;reK iy iqrEmS fg,s kdgH ks<shlf.a íÆ *s,aï tlla o wka;¾cd,fhys ;sfí th fydag,a ldurhla ;=<§ .kakd ,oaols Ñ;%mgh mgka .kafka ks<shf.a wv ksrej;a rx.khlsks tys rÛmdk ;reKhd wÆ;au yd,amdrefjls fuu Ñ;%mgh fmr lS ks<shf.a wkqoekqu iys;j idok ,oaola nj fmfkhs fï fudfydf;a§ fï ks<sh Y%S ,xldfõ ke; wka;¾cd,h hkq uld oeñh fkdyels le<,ls lsishï Ñ;%mghla tla fjí wvúhlska bj;a lrk úg th ;j;a fjí wvú oyilska u;= fjhs tneúka fï ;reK ks<sh fuys rÛmEfuka ksje/qÈ lsÍug neß ;rï ydkshla lrf.k we;
íÆ *s,aï tlla fyda fmda¾ka uqú tlla rEm.; lrk C%u lsysmhla ;sfí ta fufiah
1 tys isák ;re‚hf.a wNsu;fhka f;drj ^weh ;ud isák íÆ *s,aï tlla wka;¾ cd,fhys we;s nj oek .kafka ;=kajeks md¾Yajhla fj;sks* ;reKhdf.a wNsu;h mßÈ 2 ;reKhd iy ;re‚h hk fofokdf.au wNsu;h mßÈ 3 fï fofokdf.au wNsu;fhka f;drj 4 jD;a;Sh íÆ *s,aï k¿ ks<shka fhdod l¾udka;hla jYfhka
Y%S ,xldfõ íÆ *s,aï ksIamdokh isÿjkafka fï C%uj,ska m<uq C%u ;=kg wkqjh tu m<uqjk C%uh miq.sh i;sfha ,smsh u.ska idlÉPqd lrk ,§ ta wkqj fmïj;d fmïj;shg fydfrka fydag,a ldurfha fïihla u; ish whsfidaka tl fyj;a leurd cx.u ÿrl:kh C%shd;aul lr r|jk w;r ihkh u; isÿjk foh tys igyka fjhs ;reK hqj<f.a wNsu;fhka f;drj fuh isÿjk wjia:dj,§ thg j.lsjhq;a;d fydag,aldrhd h Tyq fydag,a ldurfha ihkh u; isÿjk oe .%yKh lr .; yels ;ekl fyda ;eka lsysmhl web Êm kue;s l=vd leurd iúlrhs fun÷ leurdj,ska ,nd .kakd o¾Yk fjk;a ldurhl we;s rEmjdyskshla u.ska iÔùj fmkajk kSp fydag,a ysñhl= .ek fuhg foi;shlg muK fmr jd¾;d úh Tyq tu iÔù o¾Yk uqo,a whlr fmkajk nj o fy<súh
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