f;dg.uqfõ Y%S rdyq, ysñ fuf;la my< jQ w;s úYsIag .kfha mçrejkla hEhs lsjfyd;a th w;sYfhdala;shla fkdfõ Wkajykafia ;%smsglfhys fl, meñ‚ neúka ˜;%smsgl jd.SYajr˜ hEhso ish¨u l,djkays w.;ekam;a jQ ksid il, l,d ij_{ hEhso NdId ihla uekúka o;a neúka ˜Iâ NdId mrfïIajr˜ hk f.!rj kduj,ska msÿï ,oafoda jQy
rdyq, ysñ l=vd l, yod jvd .kq ,enqfõ ihjk mrdl%undyq rc úisks meúÈ jQ miq ry,a ysñfhda rcqf.a rdcdNsfIalfhka 15 jk jif¾ mfrú ixfoaYh o, 34 jk jif¾ ldjHfYaLrh o, 35 jk jif¾ ie,<sys‚h o, 45 jk jif¾ m[aÑld m%§mh o, rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq nqoaêmidÈksh o rpkd lrk ,§ m[aÑld m%§mh, md,s jHdlrK ms<sn| .%ka:hla jk w;r thska rdyq, ysñf.a uy;a jQ mßK; iy Wodr jQ nqoaêh ms<sìUq lrhs tys i|yka mD:q, idys;Hh, ixialD; iy md,s Wmqgk iuqodh i;H jYfhkau úYauhcklh tys wka;¾.;j we;s wiQ fokl=g wêl od¾Ykslhkaf.a Wmqgd .ekSï iïm%odfhkau Wiia;u úYsIag lD;Ska fldmuK rdYshla Tyq úiska yodrd we;aoehs ikd: fjhs
rdyq, udysñ ˜fjo yduqÿrefjda˜ hkqfjkao y÷kajd ;sìK, mqrdjD;hlg wkqj udysñ i;=j úúO frda.dndO i|yd jQ n,.;= f;,a j¾. ;sìK Wkajykafiaf.a T!IO ms<sn| {kh úYauhcklh ixialD; NdIdj ms<sn|j ;snQ yi, oekqu fya;=fjka Ndr;Sh ffjÈl ffjoH .%ka: rdYshla lshjd ,nd.;a {kh furg w;aoelSï iu. uqiqùfuka Wkajykafia furg my< jQ Wiiau mka;sfha ffjoHjrhl= jQjdg ksielh ry,a ysñ hï hï j;dj;a lrk ,o nj;a, bkamiq úYauhckl f,i frda.Ska iqjm;aj weúo .sh nj;a mj;sk úYajdihhs tfiau Wkajkafia wmj;a jkakg fudfyd;lg fmr ˜isÿ w¨ rih˜ kï Yla;s iïmkak T!IOhla mdkh l< njo, ta fya;=fjkau uD; foayh krla fkdù Èk oY ,laIhla ;nd .ekaug yels úh hkako úYajdi lrkq ,efí
l%s j 1505 § mD;=.Sisyq ,xldjg meñ‚ w;r, wk;=re j¾Ihka isxy, idys;Hhg muKla fkdj nqÿ oyug o w;sYhska w÷re ld, mßÉfþohla úh rfÜ foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh wia:djr jQ w;r, rcjre ;u ;ukaf.a n,h ,nd.ekSu i|yd mD;=.SiSkaf.a Woõ me;+y mD;=.SiSka wjia:dfjka m%fhdackh .;a w;r O¾umd, l=ure lf;da,sl wd.u je<|.;a fodka cqjka O¾umd, kñka fldaÜfÜ rc úh mD;=.SiSka úiska ;u md,k ld,h ;=< b;d ÿIag f,i fn!oaOfhda lf;da,sl wd.ug yrjk ,oy rc;=ud wld¾hlaIu iy cd;sh flfrys lsisÿ we,aula fkdue;s jQ fyhska mD;=.Sisyq ish¨u mkai,a úkdY lr fld,a,ld, oyï, idys;H úhrK fmd; m; .sksn;a l<y ry,aysñf.a m%;sNdj .ek i,ld n,k l,ays Wkajykafia, oekg m%lgj we;s .%ka: 5 g wu;rj, o¾Ykh, jHdlrK, isxy, idys;H hkdÈh iïnkaOfhka ;j;a fndfyda .%ka: /ila wksjd¾hfhka ,shd we;s nj ksiel kuq;a ta ish,a, o ÿIag mD;=.SiSka w;ska úkdYhg m;a jkakg we;s neõ yefÛk úg we;s jkafka uy;a ixfõ.hls
tfia kï fufia ,laÈj b;d m%lg, ckm%sh mçjrfhl=f.a foayh, wmj;ajQ miq bkaÈhdfõ f.dafõ k.rhg f.k .sfha flfiao@ tfia f.k hdu i|yd Wkajykafia wmj;aù jodf<a fldyso@ foayh mD;=.SiSka úiska /f.k hkl,a isxy,fhda w;aje,a ne|f.k Wkakdo@ rcflkl=f.a fifkyiska yeÿkq jevqkq rcqf.a /ljrKh ,enQ mçrejklg fujka wNd.H iïmkak brKula w;aúh yelso@ tfiau fujka uyd wmrdOhla lsÍug, tkï Y%S ry,a foayh f.dafõ k.rhg jeä l,n,hla fkdue;sj f.k hdug, iqÿiq foaYmd,k jd;djrKhla rg;=, ;snqfKao@ fujka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSu foayh ms<sn| kshu ;;= oek.ekaug byj,ajk neúka wm u|la ta ms<sn|j m%:ufhka fidhd n,uq
rdyq, ysñ wjidk ld,fha isáfha fldyso@
ie<,sys‚ ixfoaYfha rdyq, ysñ úNSIK foúhkag lkak,õjla lrhs tkï ihjk mrdl%undyq rcqf.a Èh‚h jQ W,l=vh l=udßhg ^tkï f,dalkd: l=udßg& mqf;la ,ndfok f,ihs fuu mq;a l=urejd tkï chndyq l=ure rcqf.a wNdjfhka rc jQjdg miq imqu,a l=ure Tyq urd ihjk nqjfklndyq kñka rcúh imqu,a l=ure ;=kajrlau chndyq >d;kh lsÍug ;e;al< w;r rdyq, ysñ ta >d;k l=uka;%k ;=ku je<elajQ kuq;a isõjk jr Wkajykafiag chndyq fírd .ekSug fkdyelsúh
;ud yodjvd .;a ihjk mrdl%undyqf.a uqKqmqrdjQ chndyqf.a >d;kfhka miq uy;afia l,lsÍug iy fYdalhg m;a rdyq, ysñ yqol,d Ôú;hla .; lrkq jia úchnd msßfjk yeroud .d¨ Èia;%slalfha we,amsáhg kqÿre ˜wïn;˜ kï .=ydjl ;u wjidk ld,h f.jQ nj jd¾;d fõ tfia yqol,dj isàug ;SrKh lf<a ihjk nqjfkl ndyqf.ka Wkajykafiag Ôú; ;¾ck ;snQ ksido úh yel flfia kuq;a rdyq, ysñ wmj;aùug fmr wïn;ys úiQ .,a.=ydfjys t;=udf.a foayh ;nd ;snQ .,a we| r|jd ;snQ .,a lKq wo mjd olakg ;sfí
rdyq, ysñ wjidk ld,fha yqol,dj isá njg iy lsisu rdcH W;aijhlg iyNd.s fkdjQ njg ;j;a jeo.;a idOlhla nqreufha fia.= k.rfha we;s l,HdK Ys,d ,sms idlaIs orhs ihjk nqjfklndyq iufha ^imqu,al=ure& nqreufha OïfuÉ;sh rc úiska fud.a.,a,dk kï NslaIqj we;=¿ NslaIQka 22 kula ,xldjg jevu jQ njo Tjqka le,‚fha l,Hd‚ iSudfõ§ Wmiïmodj ,nd kej; nqreuhg .sh nj;a tys i|ykafõ ta i|yd ,xldfõ§ iyNd.SjQ m%Odk NslaIQka jykafia,d 4 kulf.a, tkï ùod.u f;rKqfjda, Oïuls;a;s f;rKqfjda, jkr;k f;rKqfjda iy isy, rdc uydf;rKqfjda kï i|yka jk w;r tl, úiQ iqm%isoaO f;rkulajQ Y%S rdyq,f.a kï i|yka fkdfõ kuq;a ihjk mrdl%undyq l, meje;ajQ jeo.;a wd.ñl W;aijhkays m%Odk ;ekla bis¿fõ rdyq, ysñjk w;r fmr lS l<Hd‚ Ys,d ,smsfhau th i|yka fjhs nqjfklnd rc oji rdclSh wkq.%yhla ,;a W;aijhlg rdyq, ysñ iyNd.S fkdùfuka fmfkkqfha mrdl%u rcqf.aa uqKqmqre chndyqg lrk ,o widOdrKh ksidu Tjqka w;r oeä úril njla ;snQ njh ;jo ry,a ysñ idudkH ck;dj wei fkd.efgk yqol,d ia:dkhl Ôj;ajQ njgo th fyd| idlaIshls
tfiau mrïmrd .Kkla ;siafia uqúka uqj .,d wd cklú 2 lskao rdyq, ysñ yqol,dj Ôj;ajQ njla Wkajykafiaf.a foayh mD;=.SiSka úiska f.dafõ kqjrg f.k.sh nj;a ;jÿrg;a ikd: fõ
fid÷re rdyq, wm;aù il oyi isõ il f;f,ia fõ
biqre krks÷ ijeks nqjfklndyq imqu,a frdai fõ
i;=re lï l< ksid f;ß÷g jeäh .,af,k Èid fõ
weÿref.a fok f,kska .;a Èk ofkda hqo lf< ta ksid fõ
wdorŒh ry,a ysñ wmj;a jQfha Yl j¾I 1413, tkï l%sj1413Ý78-1491 §h ijeks nqjfklndyq f;ß÷g i;=relï l<ksid ysñ .,af,kg jeähy Wkajykafiaf.a foayh .,af,kska msg;g .;a Èk ck;dj thg úreoaOj hqoaO lf<dah
i;=re isxy, fiaúh¾ fikam;syqQ hqo m;a j;dfõ
b÷re .,af,fkys hla fika weiqre lr isáfhys ukdfõ
ñ;=re cml< oyilg l,a mj;skd ;=re lrmq Ôfõ
uyre rdyq, f;ß÷f.a u< isrer f.k f.dia ;enqfj ˜f.dafõ˜
fikam;s fiaúh¾ isxy,hdg i;=rej hqo jeo isáhy ry,a ysñf.a foayh uka;% cmfldg hlaIhka úiska wdrlaId lrñka isáhy oyila l,a ;nd .ekSug Ôjï lr ;snQ ry,a ysñf.a u< isrer Wka f.dafõ k.rhg /f.k f.dia ;enQy
ckm%jdo wmg wj{fjka neyer l< fkdyel ckm%jdofhka iy by; idlaIs j,ska fmkajkqfha rdyq, ysñ wjika ld,h f.jQfha b;d yqol,dj njh tfiau tla lúhlska lshEfjkafka tu foayh f.dafõg f.k.sh njh rdyq, ysñ wïfnk jdih l< nj ikd: jk ;j;a lreKq iy foayh f.k hdu ms<sn| úia;r bÈßfha i|yka lruq
^;j fldgila ,nk i;sfha&
ßh¾ woañrd,a ^wdpd¾h& ir;a ùrfialr
rdyq, ysñ l=vd l, yod jvd .kq ,enqfõ ihjk mrdl%undyq rc úisks meúÈ jQ miq ry,a ysñfhda rcqf.a rdcdNsfIalfhka 15 jk jif¾ mfrú ixfoaYh o, 34 jk jif¾ ldjHfYaLrh o, 35 jk jif¾ ie,<sys‚h o, 45 jk jif¾ m[aÑld m%§mh o, rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq nqoaêmidÈksh o rpkd lrk ,§ m[aÑld m%§mh, md,s jHdlrK ms<sn| .%ka:hla jk w;r thska rdyq, ysñf.a uy;a jQ mßK; iy Wodr jQ nqoaêh ms<sìUq lrhs tys i|yka mD:q, idys;Hh, ixialD; iy md,s Wmqgk iuqodh i;H jYfhkau úYauhcklh tys wka;¾.;j we;s wiQ fokl=g wêl od¾Ykslhkaf.a Wmqgd .ekSï iïm%odfhkau Wiia;u úYsIag lD;Ska fldmuK rdYshla Tyq úiska yodrd we;aoehs ikd: fjhs
rdyq, udysñ ˜fjo yduqÿrefjda˜ hkqfjkao y÷kajd ;sìK, mqrdjD;hlg wkqj udysñ i;=j úúO frda.dndO i|yd jQ n,.;= f;,a j¾. ;sìK Wkajykafiaf.a T!IO ms<sn| {kh úYauhcklh ixialD; NdIdj ms<sn|j ;snQ yi, oekqu fya;=fjka Ndr;Sh ffjÈl ffjoH .%ka: rdYshla lshjd ,nd.;a {kh furg w;aoelSï iu. uqiqùfuka Wkajykafia furg my< jQ Wiiau mka;sfha ffjoHjrhl= jQjdg ksielh ry,a ysñ hï hï j;dj;a lrk ,o nj;a, bkamiq úYauhckl f,i frda.Ska iqjm;aj weúo .sh nj;a mj;sk úYajdihhs tfiau Wkajkafia wmj;a jkakg fudfyd;lg fmr ˜isÿ w¨ rih˜ kï Yla;s iïmkak T!IOhla mdkh l< njo, ta fya;=fjkau uD; foayh krla fkdù Èk oY ,laIhla ;nd .ekaug yels úh hkako úYajdi lrkq ,efí
l%s j 1505 § mD;=.Sisyq ,xldjg meñ‚ w;r, wk;=re j¾Ihka isxy, idys;Hhg muKla fkdj nqÿ oyug o w;sYhska w÷re ld, mßÉfþohla úh rfÜ foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh wia:djr jQ w;r, rcjre ;u ;ukaf.a n,h ,nd.ekSu i|yd mD;=.SiSkaf.a Woõ me;+y mD;=.SiSka wjia:dfjka m%fhdackh .;a w;r O¾umd, l=ure lf;da,sl wd.u je<|.;a fodka cqjka O¾umd, kñka fldaÜfÜ rc úh mD;=.SiSka úiska ;u md,k ld,h ;=< b;d ÿIag f,i fn!oaOfhda lf;da,sl wd.ug yrjk ,oy rc;=ud wld¾hlaIu iy cd;sh flfrys lsisÿ we,aula fkdue;s jQ fyhska mD;=.Sisyq ish¨u mkai,a úkdY lr fld,a,ld, oyï, idys;H úhrK fmd; m; .sksn;a l<y ry,aysñf.a m%;sNdj .ek i,ld n,k l,ays Wkajykafia, oekg m%lgj we;s .%ka: 5 g wu;rj, o¾Ykh, jHdlrK, isxy, idys;H hkdÈh iïnkaOfhka ;j;a fndfyda .%ka: /ila wksjd¾hfhka ,shd we;s nj ksiel kuq;a ta ish,a, o ÿIag mD;=.SiSka w;ska úkdYhg m;a jkakg we;s neõ yefÛk úg we;s jkafka uy;a ixfõ.hls
tfia kï fufia ,laÈj b;d m%lg, ckm%sh mçjrfhl=f.a foayh, wmj;ajQ miq bkaÈhdfõ f.dafõ k.rhg f.k .sfha flfiao@ tfia f.k hdu i|yd Wkajykafia wmj;aù jodf<a fldyso@ foayh mD;=.SiSka úiska /f.k hkl,a isxy,fhda w;aje,a ne|f.k Wkakdo@ rcflkl=f.a fifkyiska yeÿkq jevqkq rcqf.a /ljrKh ,enQ mçrejklg fujka wNd.H iïmkak brKula w;aúh yelso@ tfiau fujka uyd wmrdOhla lsÍug, tkï Y%S ry,a foayh f.dafõ k.rhg jeä l,n,hla fkdue;sj f.k hdug, iqÿiq foaYmd,k jd;djrKhla rg;=, ;snqfKao@ fujka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSu foayh ms<sn| kshu ;;= oek.ekaug byj,ajk neúka wm u|la ta ms<sn|j m%:ufhka fidhd n,uq
rdyq, ysñ wjidk ld,fha isáfha fldyso@
ie<,sys‚ ixfoaYfha rdyq, ysñ úNSIK foúhkag lkak,õjla lrhs tkï ihjk mrdl%undyq rcqf.a Èh‚h jQ W,l=vh l=udßhg ^tkï f,dalkd: l=udßg& mqf;la ,ndfok f,ihs fuu mq;a l=urejd tkï chndyq l=ure rcqf.a wNdjfhka rc jQjdg miq imqu,a l=ure Tyq urd ihjk nqjfklndyq kñka rcúh imqu,a l=ure ;=kajrlau chndyq >d;kh lsÍug ;e;al< w;r rdyq, ysñ ta >d;k l=uka;%k ;=ku je<elajQ kuq;a isõjk jr Wkajykafiag chndyq fírd .ekSug fkdyelsúh
;ud yodjvd .;a ihjk mrdl%undyqf.a uqKqmqrdjQ chndyqf.a >d;kfhka miq uy;afia l,lsÍug iy fYdalhg m;a rdyq, ysñ yqol,d Ôú;hla .; lrkq jia úchnd msßfjk yeroud .d¨ Èia;%slalfha we,amsáhg kqÿre ˜wïn;˜ kï .=ydjl ;u wjidk ld,h f.jQ nj jd¾;d fõ tfia yqol,dj isàug ;SrKh lf<a ihjk nqjfkl ndyqf.ka Wkajykafiag Ôú; ;¾ck ;snQ ksido úh yel flfia kuq;a rdyq, ysñ wmj;aùug fmr wïn;ys úiQ .,a.=ydfjys t;=udf.a foayh ;nd ;snQ .,a we| r|jd ;snQ .,a lKq wo mjd olakg ;sfí
rdyq, ysñ wjidk ld,fha yqol,dj isá njg iy lsisu rdcH W;aijhlg iyNd.s fkdjQ njg ;j;a jeo.;a idOlhla nqreufha fia.= k.rfha we;s l,HdK Ys,d ,sms idlaIs orhs ihjk nqjfklndyq iufha ^imqu,al=ure& nqreufha OïfuÉ;sh rc úiska fud.a.,a,dk kï NslaIqj we;=¿ NslaIQka 22 kula ,xldjg jevu jQ njo Tjqka le,‚fha l,Hd‚ iSudfõ§ Wmiïmodj ,nd kej; nqreuhg .sh nj;a tys i|ykafõ ta i|yd ,xldfõ§ iyNd.SjQ m%Odk NslaIQka jykafia,d 4 kulf.a, tkï ùod.u f;rKqfjda, Oïuls;a;s f;rKqfjda, jkr;k f;rKqfjda iy isy, rdc uydf;rKqfjda kï i|yka jk w;r tl, úiQ iqm%isoaO f;rkulajQ Y%S rdyq,f.a kï i|yka fkdfõ kuq;a ihjk mrdl%undyq l, meje;ajQ jeo.;a wd.ñl W;aijhkays m%Odk ;ekla bis¿fõ rdyq, ysñjk w;r fmr lS l<Hd‚ Ys,d ,smsfhau th i|yka fjhs nqjfklnd rc oji rdclSh wkq.%yhla ,;a W;aijhlg rdyq, ysñ iyNd.S fkdùfuka fmfkkqfha mrdl%u rcqf.aa uqKqmqre chndyqg lrk ,o widOdrKh ksidu Tjqka w;r oeä úril njla ;snQ njh ;jo ry,a ysñ idudkH ck;dj wei fkd.efgk yqol,d ia:dkhl Ôj;ajQ njgo th fyd| idlaIshls
tfiau mrïmrd .Kkla ;siafia uqúka uqj .,d wd cklú 2 lskao rdyq, ysñ yqol,dj Ôj;ajQ njla Wkajykafiaf.a foayh mD;=.SiSka úiska f.dafõ kqjrg f.k.sh nj;a ;jÿrg;a ikd: fõ
fid÷re rdyq, wm;aù il oyi isõ il f;f,ia fõ
biqre krks÷ ijeks nqjfklndyq imqu,a frdai fõ
i;=re lï l< ksid f;ß÷g jeäh .,af,k Èid fõ
weÿref.a fok f,kska .;a Èk ofkda hqo lf< ta ksid fõ
wdorŒh ry,a ysñ wmj;a jQfha Yl j¾I 1413, tkï l%sj1413Ý78-1491 §h ijeks nqjfklndyq f;ß÷g i;=relï l<ksid ysñ .,af,kg jeähy Wkajykafiaf.a foayh .,af,kska msg;g .;a Èk ck;dj thg úreoaOj hqoaO lf<dah
i;=re isxy, fiaúh¾ fikam;syqQ hqo m;a j;dfõ
b÷re .,af,fkys hla fika weiqre lr isáfhys ukdfõ
ñ;=re cml< oyilg l,a mj;skd ;=re lrmq Ôfõ
uyre rdyq, f;ß÷f.a u< isrer f.k f.dia ;enqfj ˜f.dafõ˜
fikam;s fiaúh¾ isxy,hdg i;=rej hqo jeo isáhy ry,a ysñf.a foayh uka;% cmfldg hlaIhka úiska wdrlaId lrñka isáhy oyila l,a ;nd .ekSug Ôjï lr ;snQ ry,a ysñf.a u< isrer Wka f.dafõ k.rhg /f.k f.dia ;enQy
ckm%jdo wmg wj{fjka neyer l< fkdyel ckm%jdofhka iy by; idlaIs j,ska fmkajkqfha rdyq, ysñ wjika ld,h f.jQfha b;d yqol,dj njh tfiau tla lúhlska lshEfjkafka tu foayh f.dafõg f.k.sh njh rdyq, ysñ wïfnk jdih l< nj ikd: jk ;j;a lreKq iy foayh f.k hdu ms<sn| úia;r bÈßfha i|yka lruq
^;j fldgila ,nk i;sfha&
ßh¾ woañrd,a ^wdpd¾h& ir;a ùrfialr
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