ienE úma,jjdÈfhla ;u b,lalh iïmQ¾K jk ;=re úma,jh w;a fkdyßkafkah ta ksidu úma,jjdÈhd lsis úfgl jhig hkafkao ke; Tyq l=uk jhil miqjqjo ˜úma,jh˜ kue;s w¾:fhka Tyq ieuod ;reKh fidaujxY wurisxy ieuod úYajdi lf<a ta O¾u;djh hs ;uka m%d¾:kd l< f,dalh f.dvkÕkakg ;uka .=re fldg.;a u;jdofha fkdie,S isá ta úma,jjdÈhd úma,jh w;afkdyeru kslau f.diskah w¨ meye;s ngysr mkakfha we÷ulska ieriQ Tyqf.a m%dKh ksreoaO isrer Tyqf.a Ôúf;a iodld,sl j¾Kh jQ r;= meye;s ghs máhlska irid we; ta wNsuqjg meñfKk fndfyda fofkla ;u jHdmdrh w¿ u;ska ke.sgjQ kdhlhdg úma,ùh wdpdrh mqo lr;s tys mx;s fNaohlao fkdfõ tys wd.ï fNaohla fkdfõ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKka leã fn§ fjkaj .sh fndfyda ks¾Ok mx;s úma,jjd§ka ta w;r úh tla w;lska th ish¨ ks¾Ok mx;s úma,jjd§ka kej; tl f.duqjlg tla lrk uQ,drïNhla fia Èiaúh
wurisxy uy;d yDohd ndOhlska Ôú;laIhg m;aù we;s w;r óg jir lsysmhlg fmr;a ta uy;d yoj;a ie;alulg Ndckh lrk ,È tl, tu yoj;a ie;alñka wk;=rej ck;d /,shla weu;+ ta uy;d m%ldY lf<a ;ud hï f,ilska yDo ie;alu ksid urKhg m;ajQjdkï ;udf.a w¿ .=jkska isxyrdc jkhg fy<k f,i ;u i.hkag Wmfoia ÿka njhs ta uy;d ;udf.a w¿ isxyrdc jkhg fy<k f,i Wmfoia § we;af;a 1987-89 iufha§ ;udg ieÕù isàug tu jkdka;rh wdrlaIdj iemhSu iïnkaOfhka l<.=K ie,lSula jYfhks
fidaujxY wurisxy kue;s fï wmQre pß;h ,dxflah foaYmd,k N+ñldj ;=< fkdueflk kula jkafkao Tyq m%lg l< tlS ,laIKh ksidh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK wiQj oYlh wjidkfha wdrïN l< ikakoaO wr.,h rdcH u¾okfha nQÜ im;a;=j,ska md.d oukafka jHdmdrh ;e,S fmdäù ke;a;gu ke;s jkakgh kuq;a ta ìysiqKq u¾okfhka Ôú;h .,jd.;a Tyq ryfiau ihqfrka tf;rg m<d hkafka jHdmdrh i;=jQ ish¨ ryia iy bÈß foaYmd,k ie,iqïo w;e;sjh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ks¾ud;D frdayK úfþùr >d;kfhka miq bÈßfm< kdhlhka w;ßka ta jk úg b;sßj we;af;ao fidaujxY wurisxy h fï ksid jHdmdrh h<s f.dvkeÕSfï isyskhla fõ kï th ksrdhdifhkau Tyqf.a lr u;g jeáK
mlaIh mshjfrka mshjr f.dv.kak mq¿jka yeu fohlau ˜isß whshd˜ tfy b|, l<d b;sßfj,d ysgmq mlaIfha mQ¾Kld,Sk idudðlhka ysáfh ;ek ;ek úisß,d isß whshd tfy b|ka tl me;a;lska udj kv;a;= l<d ;j;a me;a;lska úu,isß .ï,;aj kv;a;= l<d wfkla me;af;ka l=udr .=Kr;akï, .ek fidhd ne¨jd ta ldf, wkqr l=udr,, úð;,d úYajúoHd, YsIHfhda fidaujxY ifydaorhd foaYmd,k uKav,h msysgqj, foaYmd,k uKav,h .kak ´k ;Skaÿ ;SrK ,s;j ,xldjg µelaia lr, tjkjd ta ;SrKj,g wfkla me;af;ka m%;s úfrdaOhla u;= jqfKd;a thg ,ndÈh hq;= úi÷ï mjd ,shd tjkjd ta ú;rla fkfjhs /iaùul fõÈldjla .ykfldg rEm igykaj,ska tal;a µelaia lr, tjkjd tfyuhs úfþùr ifydaorhd uereKg miafia jHdmdrh h<s f.dvkÕkak lghq;= lf<a˜
tfia lSfõ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa wNHka;rh ;=< ˜frdiaukaâ wufr˜ f,iska ye¢kajQ fidaujxY wurisxyf.a iuld,Sk ysff;ISjka;hka iy kkaok .=K;s,lh
ke;a;gu ke;sjkakg .sh mlaIhla h<s fomhska isgùfï ÿIalr ld¾hhg kdhl;ajh §ug ;rï fidaujxY wruisxy iu;a jkafka Tyq l=vd l< isg weiqre l< mßirh yd .=KO¾u ksidh Tyq l=vd l< Ôj;ajkafka l¿;r wE;.u kue;s .fïh tys§ l=vd l< Tyq ks;r wd.sh ;ekla jQfha wE;.u iqukdrdu úydrhhs iqukdrdufha f,dl= yduqÿrejkag fidaujxY isiqjd b;d m%shcklh l<uq,af,a iq.;ër jk fï ysñhkag rg cd;sh foaYmd,kh .ek lelal=ula ;snqKdla fukau tjlg m%n, jdudxYsl foaYmd,k pß; lsysmhlau ta ysñhka wiqre l<y iq.;ër ysñhka ks;r weiqre l< fidaujxY ;=< ta ysñhkaf.a fï .=KO¾uj, wdNdIh isiq wjêfha isgu me<mÈhka jkakg we;
˜fldfydu;a bf.k .kak ldf,a b|,u u,a,s yß olaIhs thdf. ;snqfK úisreKq yelshdjla l¿;r úoHd,fha ix.S; lKavdhfï idudðlfhla fj,d bkakfldg c, ;rx. jdokfhka thd iuia; ,xld m<jekshd jqKd l%slÜ lKavdhfï ju;ska ks;H mkaÿ hjkafkl= úÈhg bkakfldg thd neÜ lf<a ol=K;ska tal;a yß úr, yelshdjla thd iq.;ër yduqÿrefjda wdY%h l< ksid bf.k .kak ldf, b|,u cd;sl m%Yak .ek lelal=ula ;snqKd ug u;lhs mkiayfha § isxy, NdIdj muKla rdcH NdIdj lrkak lsh, l;r.ug fm<md,s hoaÈ thd ta fm<md,shg tl;= jqfKa l¿;r úoHd,fha bf.k .kakfldg
ta u;lh fï jk úg fidaujxY wurisxyf.a Ôj;=ka w;r isák tlu ifydaorhd jk mshfiak wurisxyf.ah wgfokl=f.a mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.ka hq;= Tyq wurisxyf.a mqxÑ whshd h
fidaujxY mdi,a Ôú;hg we;=¿ jkafkao furgg ksoyi ,enqKd jQ 1948 jif¾ h jir 16 l mdi,a Ôú;fhka miq jirla blau hefuka 1965 § fidaujxY wurisxyg jdßud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=fõ /lshdjla ,efnkafkah ta jdßud¾.fha ;dlaIK ks,Odßhl= jYfhks fidaujxY wurisxyf.a foaYmd,k Ôú;fha wdrïNh isÿ jkafka tu ld,fha fld<Ug meñK jdßud¾.fha jev lrñka isák úgh Tyq 1969 § ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa idudðl;ajh ,ndf.k mka;s úrys; iudchla fï rg ;=< f.dvkeÕSfï wNs,dIh fjkqfjka l%shdldÍj jHdmdrh ;=< jev lsÍu wdrïN lf<ah tfy;a fidaujxY wurisxy fï úma,jjd§ foaYmd,k mlaIfha l%shdOrhl= nj Tyqf.a mjqf,a idudðlhka lsisfjla fkdo;ay wm%lgj lrf.k wd wurisxyf.a foaYmd,k l%shdldrlï t<shg meñK Tyq ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa úma,jjd§ ldvrhl= nj f,dalhg wkdjrKh jkafka 1971 § furg isÿjQ cúfm ikakoaO wr.,fha § Tyqg mejrE iqúfYaIS rdcldßh fya;=fjkah ta jk úg fld<U fldgfyafka l=,S ldurhl Ôj;a jQ fidaujxYg cúfm YsIH wxYfha kdhlhl= jQ mshisß l=,r;ak by< kdhl;ajfhka ,enqKq ksfhda.hla /f.k tkafkah ta ksfhda.h wkqj Tyqg mejÍ ;snqfKa tjlg furg kdhsldj jQ w.ue;sks nKavdrkdhl ue;sksh meyer .ekSuh fï ne?reï ryis.; fufyhqfï ksr; ùug Tyqg isÿ jQfha fldgfyak fndaäfï isá ;j;a cúfm idudðlhka jk ksu,a iy rdcd iuÕh tfy;aa tu fufyhqu isÿ lrk whqre ms<sn| ie,iqï lrk úg tu fndaäfï isá ;j;a l=,S ksjeishl= jQ täika .=K;s,lg fï ie,iqu lk jel=fKah Tyq jyd fï ie,iqu m%n, tlai;a cd;sl mdlaIslhl= jQ ;u mshdg fy<s lf<ah Tyqf.a mshdf.ka fï f;dr;=r iefKlska fþwd¾ chj¾Ok uy;d w;g m;aúh w.ue;skshf.a ksjig myr§ weh meyer .ekSug ierfik fï fufyhqu .ek fþwd¾ w.ue;sksh oekqj;a lf<ah tys m%;sM,h jQfha ryi t<shg .sh nj fkdo;a fidaujxY iy ksu,a fmd,sia w;awvx.=jg m;aùuh
u,a,s cúfm foaYmd,kh lrkj lsh, oek .;af; thd .ek oek.kak udj w;awvx.=jg .;a;g miafi udj fl<skau y;rjeks ;Ügqjg f.k.syska fyd|g .y, fmg%,a id;a;=j §,d u,a,s .ek weyqjd miafi ldf,§ uu oek.;a;d u,a,s ;uhs w.ue;sksh meyer .ekSfï ie,iqfï b|, ;sfhkafk lsh, thd fldgfyafk§ fmd,sish w;awvx.=jg wrf.k fkdiEfykak .y, fmd,siam;s iageka,s fiakdkdhl u,a,sj w.ue;sksh isá ksjig wrka .syska ;shkjd wkqreoaO r;aj;af;hs, ta ldf, ysgmq wdrlaIl weue;s ,laIauka chfldähs ue;skshg lsh, ;sfhkafk Tn;=ñh meyer.kak ysgmq lKavdhfï kdhlhd wms <Õ bkakjd, l;d lrkak leue;so lsh, u,a,S ta fjkfldg b|, ;sfhkafk .=áldmq we÷ï tlal f,a fmrdf.k wv ksrej;aj ue;sksh thd f.akak lSjdu fmd,sisfh fokafkla u,a,sj j;a;ï lrf.k ue;sksh biairyg tlal .syska ue;sksh .=áld, f,a fmrdf.k ysgmq u,a,sj oel, Ö Ö wehs fï blaukg fuhdj fu;ekska wrka hkak lsh, idß fmdfgka uqyqK jy.;a;¨˜
isrefrka l=vd jQ;a fï úi,a úma,jjdÈhdf.a foayh wi, ys| mshfiak wurisxy;a, fidaujxY wurisxyf.a <Õu ys;j;=ka lsysm fokl=;a tu w;S;h tf,i wdj¾ckh lf<ah
furg mSä; mx;shg hym;, úuqla;sh Wod lrkakg 71 § ikakoaO Wmdh ud¾.hg msúiSu ksid tjlg rch msysgjQ wmrdO hqla;s úksYaph fldñiu u.ska jrolrejka l< cúfm ks¾ud;D frdayK úfþùr m%uqL fidaujxY wurisxy we;=¿ msßi isr.; l<y kuq;a 1976 § fidaujxY wurisxy we;=¿ msßi ksoyi ,nk úg;a cúfm furg ;ykï mlaIhls Ôú;dka;h olajd ta jk úg isro~qjï ,nñka isá frdayK úfþùr mlaIh fufyh jQfha isr.;j isáh§uh flfia fyda yÈis kS;sh wfydais ùu ksid yÈiais kS;sh hgf;a ;ykï lr ;snQ cúfm mlaI ;ykuo bfíu bj;a úh ta wjirfhka wêkS;s{ tï î r;akdhl uy;df.a ksjfia§ cúfm ksoyiaj isá msßi w;ßka fidaujxY wurisxy, Wm;siai .ukdhl, fl,S fiakdkdhl tlaj udOH idlÉPdjla mj;ajd cúfm kej; m%isoaO foaYmd,khg msúis nj rgg fy<s lf<ah miqj 1977 wdKavqj fmr<Sfuka frdayK úfþùr ksoyi ,nd meñK 1978 jif¾§ Èk ;=kla mqrd cúfm m%:u ksfhdað; iuq¿j l=reKE.,§ meje;aúh fidaujxY wurisxy cúfm uOHu lñgqjg m;ajkafka tu m%:u ksfhdað; iuq¿fõ§h t;eka mgkau ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa cd;Hka;r iïnkaëlrK lghq;=j, nr ord we;af;a fidaujxY wurisxyh
kuq;a 1983 § wdKavqj WmdhYS,Sj l¿ cQ,sh ks¾udKh lsÍu;a iuÕ cúfm g h<s;a krl ld,hla Wodúh mlaIhg h<s m%cd;ka;%jd§j lghq;= lsÍug i;=rd bv weysrefõ Wml%uYS,Sjh cúmh Bg iß,k fia háìï.; foaYmd,kh g fhduqjk úg wurisxy tys lemS fmfkk jev fldgila lf<ah ta ksidu 1984 § fidaujxY wurisxy mlaIfha foaYmd,k uKav,fha idudðlhl= njg m;alr .e‚k bkslaì;sj t<eô cúfm h ks¾oh f,i u¾okh l< NSIK iufha§ frdayK úfþùr jk ish wdorŒh kdhlhdf.a wdrlaIdj msgqmi jeo.;a j.lSï
/ila ord we;af;a Tyq úiskah tfy;a ;u wdorŒh úma,jjdÈ kdhlhdf.a >d;kfhkao cúfm bÈßfm< kdhlhkaf.a iuQ, >d;kfhkao miq fidaujxY wurisxy mlaIfhka ;ukag odhdo l< ish¨ kHdhd;aul u;jdo, ryia /f.k fndaÜgqjlska bkaÈhdjg m<df.dia Ôú;h .,jd .;af;ah jrla Tyq th Ôú;fha § ;uka .;a b;d wiSreu ;SrKh th nj lshd we;
tfy;a b;d fjfyilr f,i ye§ jefvkakg fijK ÿka tu jDlaIfha mrfmdaIs; Ydl jefvk nj fmkqk úg Tyq ;uka woyk u;jdoh fjkqfjka tf;la isÿ l< foaYmd,k N+ñldj fjkia lf<ah Tyq 45 jirla .uka lrñka isá cú fmruqK kï fk!ldfjka bj;aj ;uka m;k f.dvìu olskakg fjk;a hd;%djla ks¾udKh lf<ah
tod 1965 jif¾§ jdßud¾.fha /lshdjla ,nd ksjiska neyer jQ fidaujxY wurisxy 2015 jif¾Êh<s ;u mjqf,a Ôj;=ka w;r isák fidfydhqrd <Õg meñfKkafka fuu ;SrKh;a iuÕh
˜mqxÑ whsfha uu mlaIfhka whska jqKd uu fufy kj;skako@˜
˜u,a,s weú;a tfyu wykfldg uu weyqjd fyd|g ys;,o Th ;SrfKa .;af;a lsh, u,a,s lsõfõ thd ta ;SrfKa .;af;a fyd|g l,amkd lr, lsh,hs tfyu lsh, thd ta fj,dfju cúfmka §, ;snqK ldfrl v%ehsj¾ wf;au hEõjd˜
fidaujxY wurisxyf.a wjika ld,h f.fjkafka mshfiak wurisxy kue;s Tyqf.a fï fidfydhqrd iuÕh bkslaì;sj ;uka weoyQ u;jdoh fjkqfjka cúfmka fjkaj .sh msßila iuÕ ck;d fiajl mlaIh kñka Tyq w¨;a mlaIhla msysgqjd .;af;ah tfy;a Tyq ñhEfokakg Èk lsysmhlg by;§ tu mlaI ld¾hd,fha l=,sh f.jd .ekSug o fkdyelsj th jid oukafkah th jid tk w;r;=r§ Tyqg me/‚ cúfm idudðlhl= yuqúh
˜isß whshd ug wka;sug yïn jqfKa thd ke;sfjkak ojia lsysmhlg l,ska, mlaI ld¾hd,h jy, uy jeiafi f;ñ f;ó nhsisl,hla meof.k tkfldg yenehs tfyu jqKd lsh, thdf. miq;eùula fmfkkak ;snqfK kE˜
ta ish Ôú; ld,h mqrd mSä; ck;djf.a úuqla;sh Wfoid fkdksñ wr.,hl fjfyiqk úma,jjdÈfhl= b;sß l< wjika u;lh h
;siai .=K;s,l
wurisxy uy;d yDohd ndOhlska Ôú;laIhg m;aù we;s w;r óg jir lsysmhlg fmr;a ta uy;d yoj;a ie;alulg Ndckh lrk ,È tl, tu yoj;a ie;alñka wk;=rej ck;d /,shla weu;+ ta uy;d m%ldY lf<a ;ud hï f,ilska yDo ie;alu ksid urKhg m;ajQjdkï ;udf.a w¿ .=jkska isxyrdc jkhg fy<k f,i ;u i.hkag Wmfoia ÿka njhs ta uy;d ;udf.a w¿ isxyrdc jkhg fy<k f,i Wmfoia § we;af;a 1987-89 iufha§ ;udg ieÕù isàug tu jkdka;rh wdrlaIdj iemhSu iïnkaOfhka l<.=K ie,lSula jYfhks
fidaujxY wurisxy kue;s fï wmQre pß;h ,dxflah foaYmd,k N+ñldj ;=< fkdueflk kula jkafkao Tyq m%lg l< tlS ,laIKh ksidh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK wiQj oYlh wjidkfha wdrïN l< ikakoaO wr.,h rdcH u¾okfha nQÜ im;a;=j,ska md.d oukafka jHdmdrh ;e,S fmdäù ke;a;gu ke;s jkakgh kuq;a ta ìysiqKq u¾okfhka Ôú;h .,jd.;a Tyq ryfiau ihqfrka tf;rg m<d hkafka jHdmdrh i;=jQ ish¨ ryia iy bÈß foaYmd,k ie,iqïo w;e;sjh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ks¾ud;D frdayK úfþùr >d;kfhka miq bÈßfm< kdhlhka w;ßka ta jk úg b;sßj we;af;ao fidaujxY wurisxy h fï ksid jHdmdrh h<s f.dvkeÕSfï isyskhla fõ kï th ksrdhdifhkau Tyqf.a lr u;g jeáK
mlaIh mshjfrka mshjr f.dv.kak mq¿jka yeu fohlau ˜isß whshd˜ tfy b|, l<d b;sßfj,d ysgmq mlaIfha mQ¾Kld,Sk idudðlhka ysáfh ;ek ;ek úisß,d isß whshd tfy b|ka tl me;a;lska udj kv;a;= l<d ;j;a me;a;lska úu,isß .ï,;aj kv;a;= l<d wfkla me;af;ka l=udr .=Kr;akï, .ek fidhd ne¨jd ta ldf, wkqr l=udr,, úð;,d úYajúoHd, YsIHfhda fidaujxY ifydaorhd foaYmd,k uKav,h msysgqj, foaYmd,k uKav,h .kak ´k ;Skaÿ ;SrK ,s;j ,xldjg µelaia lr, tjkjd ta ;SrKj,g wfkla me;af;ka m%;s úfrdaOhla u;= jqfKd;a thg ,ndÈh hq;= úi÷ï mjd ,shd tjkjd ta ú;rla fkfjhs /iaùul fõÈldjla .ykfldg rEm igykaj,ska tal;a µelaia lr, tjkjd tfyuhs úfþùr ifydaorhd uereKg miafia jHdmdrh h<s f.dvkÕkak lghq;= lf<a˜
tfia lSfõ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa wNHka;rh ;=< ˜frdiaukaâ wufr˜ f,iska ye¢kajQ fidaujxY wurisxyf.a iuld,Sk ysff;ISjka;hka iy kkaok .=K;s,lh
ke;a;gu ke;sjkakg .sh mlaIhla h<s fomhska isgùfï ÿIalr ld¾hhg kdhl;ajh §ug ;rï fidaujxY wruisxy iu;a jkafka Tyq l=vd l< isg weiqre l< mßirh yd .=KO¾u ksidh Tyq l=vd l< Ôj;ajkafka l¿;r wE;.u kue;s .fïh tys§ l=vd l< Tyq ks;r wd.sh ;ekla jQfha wE;.u iqukdrdu úydrhhs iqukdrdufha f,dl= yduqÿrejkag fidaujxY isiqjd b;d m%shcklh l<uq,af,a iq.;ër jk fï ysñhkag rg cd;sh foaYmd,kh .ek lelal=ula ;snqKdla fukau tjlg m%n, jdudxYsl foaYmd,k pß; lsysmhlau ta ysñhka wiqre l<y iq.;ër ysñhka ks;r weiqre l< fidaujxY ;=< ta ysñhkaf.a fï .=KO¾uj, wdNdIh isiq wjêfha isgu me<mÈhka jkakg we;
˜fldfydu;a bf.k .kak ldf,a b|,u u,a,s yß olaIhs thdf. ;snqfK úisreKq yelshdjla l¿;r úoHd,fha ix.S; lKavdhfï idudðlfhla fj,d bkakfldg c, ;rx. jdokfhka thd iuia; ,xld m<jekshd jqKd l%slÜ lKavdhfï ju;ska ks;H mkaÿ hjkafkl= úÈhg bkakfldg thd neÜ lf<a ol=K;ska tal;a yß úr, yelshdjla thd iq.;ër yduqÿrefjda wdY%h l< ksid bf.k .kak ldf, b|,u cd;sl m%Yak .ek lelal=ula ;snqKd ug u;lhs mkiayfha § isxy, NdIdj muKla rdcH NdIdj lrkak lsh, l;r.ug fm<md,s hoaÈ thd ta fm<md,shg tl;= jqfKa l¿;r úoHd,fha bf.k .kakfldg
ta u;lh fï jk úg fidaujxY wurisxyf.a Ôj;=ka w;r isák tlu ifydaorhd jk mshfiak wurisxyf.ah wgfokl=f.a mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.ka hq;= Tyq wurisxyf.a mqxÑ whshd h
fidaujxY mdi,a Ôú;hg we;=¿ jkafkao furgg ksoyi ,enqKd jQ 1948 jif¾ h jir 16 l mdi,a Ôú;fhka miq jirla blau hefuka 1965 § fidaujxY wurisxyg jdßud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=fõ /lshdjla ,efnkafkah ta jdßud¾.fha ;dlaIK ks,Odßhl= jYfhks fidaujxY wurisxyf.a foaYmd,k Ôú;fha wdrïNh isÿ jkafka tu ld,fha fld<Ug meñK jdßud¾.fha jev lrñka isák úgh Tyq 1969 § ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa idudðl;ajh ,ndf.k mka;s úrys; iudchla fï rg ;=< f.dvkeÕSfï wNs,dIh fjkqfjka l%shdldÍj jHdmdrh ;=< jev lsÍu wdrïN lf<ah tfy;a fidaujxY wurisxy fï úma,jjd§ foaYmd,k mlaIfha l%shdOrhl= nj Tyqf.a mjqf,a idudðlhka lsisfjla fkdo;ay wm%lgj lrf.k wd wurisxyf.a foaYmd,k l%shdldrlï t<shg meñK Tyq ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa úma,jjd§ ldvrhl= nj f,dalhg wkdjrKh jkafka 1971 § furg isÿjQ cúfm ikakoaO wr.,fha § Tyqg mejrE iqúfYaIS rdcldßh fya;=fjkah ta jk úg fld<U fldgfyafka l=,S ldurhl Ôj;a jQ fidaujxYg cúfm YsIH wxYfha kdhlhl= jQ mshisß l=,r;ak by< kdhl;ajfhka ,enqKq ksfhda.hla /f.k tkafkah ta ksfhda.h wkqj Tyqg mejÍ ;snqfKa tjlg furg kdhsldj jQ w.ue;sks nKavdrkdhl ue;sksh meyer .ekSuh fï ne?reï ryis.; fufyhqfï ksr; ùug Tyqg isÿ jQfha fldgfyak fndaäfï isá ;j;a cúfm idudðlhka jk ksu,a iy rdcd iuÕh tfy;aa tu fufyhqu isÿ lrk whqre ms<sn| ie,iqï lrk úg tu fndaäfï isá ;j;a l=,S ksjeishl= jQ täika .=K;s,lg fï ie,iqu lk jel=fKah Tyq jyd fï ie,iqu m%n, tlai;a cd;sl mdlaIslhl= jQ ;u mshdg fy<s lf<ah Tyqf.a mshdf.ka fï f;dr;=r iefKlska fþwd¾ chj¾Ok uy;d w;g m;aúh w.ue;skshf.a ksjig myr§ weh meyer .ekSug ierfik fï fufyhqu .ek fþwd¾ w.ue;sksh oekqj;a lf<ah tys m%;sM,h jQfha ryi t<shg .sh nj fkdo;a fidaujxY iy ksu,a fmd,sia w;awvx.=jg m;aùuh
u,a,s cúfm foaYmd,kh lrkj lsh, oek .;af; thd .ek oek.kak udj w;awvx.=jg .;a;g miafi udj fl<skau y;rjeks ;Ügqjg f.k.syska fyd|g .y, fmg%,a id;a;=j §,d u,a,s .ek weyqjd miafi ldf,§ uu oek.;a;d u,a,s ;uhs w.ue;sksh meyer .ekSfï ie,iqfï b|, ;sfhkafk lsh, thd fldgfyafk§ fmd,sish w;awvx.=jg wrf.k fkdiEfykak .y, fmd,siam;s iageka,s fiakdkdhl u,a,sj w.ue;sksh isá ksjig wrka .syska ;shkjd wkqreoaO r;aj;af;hs, ta ldf, ysgmq wdrlaIl weue;s ,laIauka chfldähs ue;skshg lsh, ;sfhkafk Tn;=ñh meyer.kak ysgmq lKavdhfï kdhlhd wms <Õ bkakjd, l;d lrkak leue;so lsh, u,a,S ta fjkfldg b|, ;sfhkafk .=áldmq we÷ï tlal f,a fmrdf.k wv ksrej;aj ue;sksh thd f.akak lSjdu fmd,sisfh fokafkla u,a,sj j;a;ï lrf.k ue;sksh biairyg tlal .syska ue;sksh .=áld, f,a fmrdf.k ysgmq u,a,sj oel, Ö Ö wehs fï blaukg fuhdj fu;ekska wrka hkak lsh, idß fmdfgka uqyqK jy.;a;¨˜
isrefrka l=vd jQ;a fï úi,a úma,jjdÈhdf.a foayh wi, ys| mshfiak wurisxy;a, fidaujxY wurisxyf.a <Õu ys;j;=ka lsysm fokl=;a tu w;S;h tf,i wdj¾ckh lf<ah
furg mSä; mx;shg hym;, úuqla;sh Wod lrkakg 71 § ikakoaO Wmdh ud¾.hg msúiSu ksid tjlg rch msysgjQ wmrdO hqla;s úksYaph fldñiu u.ska jrolrejka l< cúfm ks¾ud;D frdayK úfþùr m%uqL fidaujxY wurisxy we;=¿ msßi isr.; l<y kuq;a 1976 § fidaujxY wurisxy we;=¿ msßi ksoyi ,nk úg;a cúfm furg ;ykï mlaIhls Ôú;dka;h olajd ta jk úg isro~qjï ,nñka isá frdayK úfþùr mlaIh fufyh jQfha isr.;j isáh§uh flfia fyda yÈis kS;sh wfydais ùu ksid yÈiais kS;sh hgf;a ;ykï lr ;snQ cúfm mlaI ;ykuo bfíu bj;a úh ta wjirfhka wêkS;s{ tï î r;akdhl uy;df.a ksjfia§ cúfm ksoyiaj isá msßi w;ßka fidaujxY wurisxy, Wm;siai .ukdhl, fl,S fiakdkdhl tlaj udOH idlÉPdjla mj;ajd cúfm kej; m%isoaO foaYmd,khg msúis nj rgg fy<s lf<ah miqj 1977 wdKavqj fmr<Sfuka frdayK úfþùr ksoyi ,nd meñK 1978 jif¾§ Èk ;=kla mqrd cúfm m%:u ksfhdað; iuq¿j l=reKE.,§ meje;aúh fidaujxY wurisxy cúfm uOHu lñgqjg m;ajkafka tu m%:u ksfhdað; iuq¿fõ§h t;eka mgkau ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa cd;Hka;r iïnkaëlrK lghq;=j, nr ord we;af;a fidaujxY wurisxyh
kuq;a 1983 § wdKavqj WmdhYS,Sj l¿ cQ,sh ks¾udKh lsÍu;a iuÕ cúfm g h<s;a krl ld,hla Wodúh mlaIhg h<s m%cd;ka;%jd§j lghq;= lsÍug i;=rd bv weysrefõ Wml%uYS,Sjh cúmh Bg iß,k fia háìï.; foaYmd,kh g fhduqjk úg wurisxy tys lemS fmfkk jev fldgila lf<ah ta ksidu 1984 § fidaujxY wurisxy mlaIfha foaYmd,k uKav,fha idudðlhl= njg m;alr .e‚k bkslaì;sj t<eô cúfm h ks¾oh f,i u¾okh l< NSIK iufha§ frdayK úfþùr jk ish wdorŒh kdhlhdf.a wdrlaIdj msgqmi jeo.;a j.lSï
/ila ord we;af;a Tyq úiskah tfy;a ;u wdorŒh úma,jjdÈ kdhlhdf.a >d;kfhkao cúfm bÈßfm< kdhlhkaf.a iuQ, >d;kfhkao miq fidaujxY wurisxy mlaIfhka ;ukag odhdo l< ish¨ kHdhd;aul u;jdo, ryia /f.k fndaÜgqjlska bkaÈhdjg m<df.dia Ôú;h .,jd .;af;ah jrla Tyq th Ôú;fha § ;uka .;a b;d wiSreu ;SrKh th nj lshd we;
tfy;a b;d fjfyilr f,i ye§ jefvkakg fijK ÿka tu jDlaIfha mrfmdaIs; Ydl jefvk nj fmkqk úg Tyq ;uka woyk u;jdoh fjkqfjka tf;la isÿ l< foaYmd,k N+ñldj fjkia lf<ah Tyq 45 jirla .uka lrñka isá cú fmruqK kï fk!ldfjka bj;aj ;uka m;k f.dvìu olskakg fjk;a hd;%djla ks¾udKh lf<ah
tod 1965 jif¾§ jdßud¾.fha /lshdjla ,nd ksjiska neyer jQ fidaujxY wurisxy 2015 jif¾Êh<s ;u mjqf,a Ôj;=ka w;r isák fidfydhqrd <Õg meñfKkafka fuu ;SrKh;a iuÕh
˜mqxÑ whsfha uu mlaIfhka whska jqKd uu fufy kj;skako@˜
˜u,a,s weú;a tfyu wykfldg uu weyqjd fyd|g ys;,o Th ;SrfKa .;af;a lsh, u,a,s lsõfõ thd ta ;SrfKa .;af;a fyd|g l,amkd lr, lsh,hs tfyu lsh, thd ta fj,dfju cúfmka §, ;snqK ldfrl v%ehsj¾ wf;au hEõjd˜
fidaujxY wurisxyf.a wjika ld,h f.fjkafka mshfiak wurisxy kue;s Tyqf.a fï fidfydhqrd iuÕh bkslaì;sj ;uka weoyQ u;jdoh fjkqfjka cúfmka fjkaj .sh msßila iuÕ ck;d fiajl mlaIh kñka Tyq w¨;a mlaIhla msysgqjd .;af;ah tfy;a Tyq ñhEfokakg Èk lsysmhlg by;§ tu mlaI ld¾hd,fha l=,sh f.jd .ekSug o fkdyelsj th jid oukafkah th jid tk w;r;=r§ Tyqg me/‚ cúfm idudðlhl= yuqúh
˜isß whshd ug wka;sug yïn jqfKa thd ke;sfjkak ojia lsysmhlg l,ska, mlaI ld¾hd,h jy, uy jeiafi f;ñ f;ó nhsisl,hla meof.k tkfldg yenehs tfyu jqKd lsh, thdf. miq;eùula fmfkkak ;snqfK kE˜
ta ish Ôú; ld,h mqrd mSä; ck;djf.a úuqla;sh Wfoid fkdksñ wr.,hl fjfyiqk úma,jjdÈfhl= b;sß l< wjika u;lh h
;siai .=K;s,l
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