msú;=re fy< Wreuh mlaI uq,ia:dkfha § meje;s udOH yuqfõ § tu mlaI m%Odk f,alï md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S Woh .ïukams, uy;d fufia woyia m, lf,ah yhsâ msáfha Woh jegqfka wehs@ ud¾;= 17 fjksod yhsâ msáhg meñK taldnoaO úmlaIfha ck igk oejeka;u /,sfha idlaIs lrejka njg m;ajqkq ta ,laI ixLHd; ck;djg wfma m%Kduh mqolrkak fïl wjia:djla lr.kakjd wmsg u;lhs kqf.af.dv /,sfhaÈkï fldgq wÈñka .Kka yoñka fik. 5000 j;a ysáfha kE lshñka lE .eiq fgdhs iudch fuod ksyv ù bkakjd ish mrdch ms<s.ksñka
;reK wmsg /lshd §ug ndod fkdlrkq lshñka tcdmh úiska wdÉÑ,d iSh,d fm<md,shlg wrka .shd tcdmhg yhsâ msáh msfrkak fkfuhs ,smagka jg rjqu mqrjkak j;a ;reKhka kE lsh, rgg fmkakmq ta /,sh ixúOdkh lrmq tcdmfha uy;ajrekag wms wfma m%Kduh mqo lrkjd
we;eï udOH wdh;k j,gkï tod yhsâ /,sfha m%jD;a;sh njg m;ajqfka /,shg wdmq w;súYd, ck ..j;a, ta ioyd b;sydifha fkdjQ úre f,i iyNd.s jQ mlaI .Kk;a fkfjhs Woh .ïukams, fõÈldfõ weo jeàu
tod we;a;gu jqfka uf.a ku lsh, ug l;djla meje;aùug wdrdOkd l,du w;s úYd, ck;djla m%S;s f>daId k.kak jqkd b;ska Tjqka foi fkdn,d Tjqkag wdpdr fkdlr fkd.sfhd;a ck;dj ud wdvïnr ldrfhl= f,i olskak mq¿jka ta ksid uu Tjqka foig yeÍ wdpdr lrñkau fõÈldj foig weúof.k .shd
tod fõÈldj u; ;j;a l=vd Wia fõÈldjla ;kd th u; ;uhs fmdaähï tl ;nd ;snqfka uu ck;djg wdpdr lrñka wd ksid th fkdoel uf.a mdoh tys meg,S ud jegqkd tfy;a ud jegqKq laIkslfhka ke.S isáhd ta ksid ud jegqkq nj fndfyda fofkla oek isáfha kE kd,sld foll fyda ;=kl fï isÿùug mq¿,a m%pdrhla ,nd§u ksid rd;%S m%jD;a;s n,k úg ;uhs fndfyda fofkla th oel we;af;a
bkamiqj ;uhs ysgmq ckm;s;=uka, úu,a ùrjxY uka;%s;=uka, v,ia w,ymafmreu uka;%S;=uka ÿrl;kfhka wu;ñka weyqfõ fudllao fï isoaêh lsh,d Ök uyd od¾Iksl fldka*shqishia ;=uka lsh, ;sfhkjd ienE wNsudkh fjkafka lsisÈfkl fkdjeà isàu fkdj jefgk iEu wjia:djlu laI‚lj ke.S isáfï yelshdjhs lsh,
jegqkq iekska ke.S isàfï ta igka ldó Ôj .=Kh ug fukau wfma taldnoaO úmlaIhg;a ;sfhkjd ckjdß 08 wms weof.k jegqkd kuq;a fmnrjdß 18 wms kej;;a ke.S isáhd wms wf.daia;= 17 fjksod weo jegqkd kuq;a b;du;a Yla;s iïmkakj ud¾;= 17 fjksod h,s ke.sÜgd
uf.a uqyqK lsis Èfkl fkdfmkakjk we;eï rEmjdyskS kd,sld fï weo jeàukï jßka jr fmkakqjd ta ksid uu ;Srkh l,d bÈß /,s j,§;a weo jefgkak t; fldg ta kd,sld udj fmkakdú b;ska ta rdcH udOH ug ta ,ndÿka wdjrkh ms<snoj Bfha Èkfha kdgHhla krnkakg .sh fudfyd;l ug yuqjQ w.ue;s rks,a úl%uisxy uy;dg;a ud lsõjd ud jeä ÿrg;a t;=ukag lsõfõ bÈß iEu ck igk /,shlu ud weo jeà rcfha kd,sldj,;a we;eï mqoa.,sl kd,sldj,;a m%jD;a;shla njg m;ajk njhs
fldgf.dv jdùiajr ysñ, ,nqÿfõ isßOïu ysñ, .xf.dvú, fidau ysñ, udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; ysñ isxy, fn!oaOhd fjkqfjka yv ke.+ ysñjreka tcdm rchka ;=, wmj;a ùu wNsryila
miq.shod mqcH Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal iajdñkajykafiawdkafoda,d;aul m%ldYhla lr,d lsõjd wfma udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafia wmj;a jqKd fkfjhs wmj;a l<d Bg miafia Wkajykafia ug mkai,g tkak lsh,d Wkajykafia okak ish,a, ug mejeiqjd fudlla o we;a;gu jqfKa wms okakjd fï wdKavqj n,hg m;a lsÍug jeämqru odhl jqK ;ksmqoa., idOlh ;uhs mqcH udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafia Wkajykafia jir 30la 40la ;=, fï isxy, iudch ;=, f.dvk.d ;snqKq oejeka; fm!rI;ajh isxy, úfrdaê f,i yxjvq .eis isáh rks,a pkaøld fofokd tlg isák foaYmd,k jHdmdrhlg Pkaoh fokak ys; yod .kak fï rfÜ mdfjk Pkao odhlhka fm<nqfka Wkajykafia ta fjkqfjka fmks isáh ksid
wms okakjd Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal iajdñkajykafia lshkafka ;ukaf.a ;reK ðú;h kd. úydrfha udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; iajdñkajykafiaf.a .=re yrelï ,nñka ðj;a jqkq iajdñkajykafia kula ksid iñm iïnkaohla ;snqKd Wkajykafia lshkjd udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafia n,kak .sh ieu fõ,djl §u Wkajykafia ysáfha wdKavqj ms<sno oeä l,lsÍulska lsh,d ta jf.au ikSm jqKq .uka fï wdKavqjg tfrysj mdrg nyskak Tfka lshk ia:djrhl Wkajykafia ne,Sug tk ish¿ fokdgu l;d lr,d ;sfhkakfka wdKavqj ms<sno oeä l, lsÍulska ta ú;rla fkfjhs ug uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud lsõjd jákdmy fidaudkkao iajdñkajykafia fidaNs; ysñhka n,kak .sh fõ,dfõ uyskao uy;a;hdj ÿrl:khg .kak lsh,d wy,d ;sfhkafka uy;a;hd tkafka keoao wmsj n,kak lsh,d ta wkqj uyskao uy;a;hd yuqÿrefjda n,kak hkjd yduqrefjda uyskao uy;a;hdf.a w;a fol w,a,ka lsõfõ uy;a;fhda wmsg jerÿkd lsh,d fidaNs; yduqrefjda frday,a .;j bkafooaÈ Wkajykafiaf.a udkisl;ajh b;du;a meyeÈ,shs
wms okakjd ie;alfuka miafia Wkajykafia úfõls iqjfhka ;uhs frdayf,a .; lf<a Wkajykafia fydogu ikSm fj,d ysáfha yenehs yÈisfhau wikSm fjkjd wikSm jqKdg miafia isx.mamqre wrka hkjd tfy§ wmj;a fjkjd Wkajykafiaf.a foayh ,xldjg f.kdju chr;ak u,a Yd,dfõ jev lrmq fiajlfhla Oïudf,dal iajdñkajykafiag oekqï §,d ;sfhkjd tïndï lrkak .;a;u we;=f,a lsisu wjhjhla ;snqfKa kE lsh,d idudkH fhka tïndï tll§ bj;a lrk wjhj muKla fkfjhs wfkl=;a wjhj mjd bj;a lr,d ;snqfKa lsh,d ta jf.au urK mÍlaIKhlska f;drj iajdñkajykafiaf.a foayh N=ñ odkh fkfjhs wdodykh lrkak wdKavqj ueÈy;a fj,d lghq;= lrkjd Wkajykafiaf.a wjidk leue;a; wkqj fkfjhs wjika lghq;= isoaO jqfKa wdKavqjg leue;s úÈyg isoaO jqfKa ta ksid Wkajykafiaf.a wmj;a ùu ms<snoj Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal yuqrefjda u;=lrk fï ielh, fpdaokdj ms<snoj wdKavqj ksIaYíoj n,d isáu jerÈhs lsh,hs wms úYajdi lrkafka
ñg l,ska j¾;udk mrïmrdj fkdokajd jqK;a 1960 oYlfha wdKavq úfrdaê igfka bÈßfhka isá fldg.u Y%s jdÑiajr kdhl iajdñkajykafiaf.a yÈis wmj;a ùug;a, 1980 oYlfha tcdm wdKavqjg úreoaOj igfka fmruqfKa isá mqcH ,nqÿfõ isßOïu kdñhkaf.a yÈis wmj;a ùug;a we.s,a, È.=jqfha wdKavqjghs ta jf.au rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d ñg l,ska w.ue;s Oqrh ork iufha mqcH .xf.dvú, fidau ysñhkq;a wNsryia f,i wmj;a jqKd wdKqvqjg ñkSueßfï fpdaokd t,a, fjoaÈ ta urKhg m;afjkafka fï rfÜ iqm%lg, iudcfha w;suy;a f.!rjhg m;afjÉp h;sjrhka kula fjoaÈ wdKavqj ñg jvd laI‚lj fïlg ms<s;=re ,nd Èh hq;=j ;snqKd ta ksid .re ckdêm;s;=uks, .re w.ue;s;=uks Tfí wef;a f,a ke;akï udÿ¿jdfõfidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafiaf.a yÈis wNsryia wmj;a ùu ms<sno ckdêm;s lñIka iNdjla m;a lr,d hï hï f;dr;=re okakd whg bÈßhg weú;a idlaIs fokak wjia:djla fokak lsh,d wms b,a,d isákjd tfyu fkdjqfkd;a Tjqkaf.a wef.a .Efjk f,a me,a,ï ðú;fha lsisodl uld .kak neß fjkjd lshk wk;=re we.ùu;a wms wdKavqjg lrkjd
fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a .ek fkdo;a úÿ,s bxðfkarejd
miq.sh úÿ,sh ìo jeàï ms<snoj ,xld úÿ,s n,uKav,fha úÿ,s bkaðfkarejkaf.a ix.uh fndfydu meyeÈ,sju m%ldY l<d yßyeá kv;a;= fkdl, g%dkaiaf*daurhl isÿjq msmsÍfuka ;uhs fï úÿ,s úikaÈùu jqfka lsh,hs ysgmq úÿ,s n, weu;s mdprKjl weu;s;=uka lshkafka fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a nd, m%ñ;sfhka hqlal ùu ksihs fï úÿ,sh ìo jeàu Wfka lsh, wmsg t;=ukaf.ka wykak fjkafka fkdfrdÉfpdaf, úÿ,s n,d.drfha jev wdrïN lf,a ljqreka úÿ,sn, weu;sj isáh§h uu u fkdfõoehs jodrkakhs t;=ukag isoaO fjkafka fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a úÿ,s n,d.drh ksis m%ñ;shg yo, ke;akï wehs weu;s;=uka ta n,d.drh yomq iud.fuka ndr.;af;a ta ksid úÿ,s n,d.drh iud.u úiska yo, ndrfooaÈ ndr.;a whg j.lSula ;sfhkjd th ksis m%ñ;shg yo,o lsh, mÍlaIdfldg n,d ndr.kak ta ú;rla fkfjhs t;=ukag l,ska ysgmq weu;sjreka fofokdu kS;s{jre t;=ukag miqj wdmq weu;s jßh;a kS;s{ jßhla kuq;a t;=uka úÿ,s bkaðfkarefjla ta ksid wfka ux okafk kE lshkak t;=ukag nE ta ksid n,d.drh ksis m%ñ;shg ke;akï thg j. lsj hq;af;a tjgh úÿ,s n, weu;s mdp rKjl weu;s;=uhs lsh, wms u;la lrkjd
- wrúkao w;=fldar,
;reK wmsg /lshd §ug ndod fkdlrkq lshñka tcdmh úiska wdÉÑ,d iSh,d fm<md,shlg wrka .shd tcdmhg yhsâ msáh msfrkak fkfuhs ,smagka jg rjqu mqrjkak j;a ;reKhka kE lsh, rgg fmkakmq ta /,sh ixúOdkh lrmq tcdmfha uy;ajrekag wms wfma m%Kduh mqo lrkjd
we;eï udOH wdh;k j,gkï tod yhsâ /,sfha m%jD;a;sh njg m;ajqfka /,shg wdmq w;súYd, ck ..j;a, ta ioyd b;sydifha fkdjQ úre f,i iyNd.s jQ mlaI .Kk;a fkfjhs Woh .ïukams, fõÈldfõ weo jeàu
tod we;a;gu jqfka uf.a ku lsh, ug l;djla meje;aùug wdrdOkd l,du w;s úYd, ck;djla m%S;s f>daId k.kak jqkd b;ska Tjqka foi fkdn,d Tjqkag wdpdr fkdlr fkd.sfhd;a ck;dj ud wdvïnr ldrfhl= f,i olskak mq¿jka ta ksid uu Tjqka foig yeÍ wdpdr lrñkau fõÈldj foig weúof.k .shd
tod fõÈldj u; ;j;a l=vd Wia fõÈldjla ;kd th u; ;uhs fmdaähï tl ;nd ;snqfka uu ck;djg wdpdr lrñka wd ksid th fkdoel uf.a mdoh tys meg,S ud jegqkd tfy;a ud jegqKq laIkslfhka ke.S isáhd ta ksid ud jegqkq nj fndfyda fofkla oek isáfha kE kd,sld foll fyda ;=kl fï isÿùug mq¿,a m%pdrhla ,nd§u ksid rd;%S m%jD;a;s n,k úg ;uhs fndfyda fofkla th oel we;af;a
bkamiqj ;uhs ysgmq ckm;s;=uka, úu,a ùrjxY uka;%s;=uka, v,ia w,ymafmreu uka;%S;=uka ÿrl;kfhka wu;ñka weyqfõ fudllao fï isoaêh lsh,d Ök uyd od¾Iksl fldka*shqishia ;=uka lsh, ;sfhkjd ienE wNsudkh fjkafka lsisÈfkl fkdjeà isàu fkdj jefgk iEu wjia:djlu laI‚lj ke.S isáfï yelshdjhs lsh,
jegqkq iekska ke.S isàfï ta igka ldó Ôj .=Kh ug fukau wfma taldnoaO úmlaIhg;a ;sfhkjd ckjdß 08 wms weof.k jegqkd kuq;a fmnrjdß 18 wms kej;;a ke.S isáhd wms wf.daia;= 17 fjksod weo jegqkd kuq;a b;du;a Yla;s iïmkakj ud¾;= 17 fjksod h,s ke.sÜgd
uf.a uqyqK lsis Èfkl fkdfmkakjk we;eï rEmjdyskS kd,sld fï weo jeàukï jßka jr fmkakqjd ta ksid uu ;Srkh l,d bÈß /,s j,§;a weo jefgkak t; fldg ta kd,sld udj fmkakdú b;ska ta rdcH udOH ug ta ,ndÿka wdjrkh ms<snoj Bfha Èkfha kdgHhla krnkakg .sh fudfyd;l ug yuqjQ w.ue;s rks,a úl%uisxy uy;dg;a ud lsõjd ud jeä ÿrg;a t;=ukag lsõfõ bÈß iEu ck igk /,shlu ud weo jeà rcfha kd,sldj,;a we;eï mqoa.,sl kd,sldj,;a m%jD;a;shla njg m;ajk njhs
fldgf.dv jdùiajr ysñ, ,nqÿfõ isßOïu ysñ, .xf.dvú, fidau ysñ, udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; ysñ isxy, fn!oaOhd fjkqfjka yv ke.+ ysñjreka tcdm rchka ;=, wmj;a ùu wNsryila
miq.shod mqcH Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal iajdñkajykafiawdkafoda,d;aul m%ldYhla lr,d lsõjd wfma udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafia wmj;a jqKd fkfjhs wmj;a l<d Bg miafia Wkajykafia ug mkai,g tkak lsh,d Wkajykafia okak ish,a, ug mejeiqjd fudlla o we;a;gu jqfKa wms okakjd fï wdKavqj n,hg m;a lsÍug jeämqru odhl jqK ;ksmqoa., idOlh ;uhs mqcH udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafia Wkajykafia jir 30la 40la ;=, fï isxy, iudch ;=, f.dvk.d ;snqKq oejeka; fm!rI;ajh isxy, úfrdaê f,i yxjvq .eis isáh rks,a pkaøld fofokd tlg isák foaYmd,k jHdmdrhlg Pkaoh fokak ys; yod .kak fï rfÜ mdfjk Pkao odhlhka fm<nqfka Wkajykafia ta fjkqfjka fmks isáh ksid
wms okakjd Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal iajdñkajykafia lshkafka ;ukaf.a ;reK ðú;h kd. úydrfha udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; iajdñkajykafiaf.a .=re yrelï ,nñka ðj;a jqkq iajdñkajykafia kula ksid iñm iïnkaohla ;snqKd Wkajykafia lshkjd udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafia n,kak .sh ieu fõ,djl §u Wkajykafia ysáfha wdKavqj ms<sno oeä l,lsÍulska lsh,d ta jf.au ikSm jqKq .uka fï wdKavqjg tfrysj mdrg nyskak Tfka lshk ia:djrhl Wkajykafia ne,Sug tk ish¿ fokdgu l;d lr,d ;sfhkakfka wdKavqj ms<sno oeä l, lsÍulska ta ú;rla fkfjhs ug uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud lsõjd jákdmy fidaudkkao iajdñkajykafia fidaNs; ysñhka n,kak .sh fõ,dfõ uyskao uy;a;hdj ÿrl:khg .kak lsh,d wy,d ;sfhkafka uy;a;hd tkafka keoao wmsj n,kak lsh,d ta wkqj uyskao uy;a;hd yuqÿrefjda n,kak hkjd yduqrefjda uyskao uy;a;hdf.a w;a fol w,a,ka lsõfõ uy;a;fhda wmsg jerÿkd lsh,d fidaNs; yduqrefjda frday,a .;j bkafooaÈ Wkajykafiaf.a udkisl;ajh b;du;a meyeÈ,shs
wms okakjd ie;alfuka miafia Wkajykafia úfõls iqjfhka ;uhs frdayf,a .; lf<a Wkajykafia fydogu ikSm fj,d ysáfha yenehs yÈisfhau wikSm fjkjd wikSm jqKdg miafia isx.mamqre wrka hkjd tfy§ wmj;a fjkjd Wkajykafiaf.a foayh ,xldjg f.kdju chr;ak u,a Yd,dfõ jev lrmq fiajlfhla Oïudf,dal iajdñkajykafiag oekqï §,d ;sfhkjd tïndï lrkak .;a;u we;=f,a lsisu wjhjhla ;snqfKa kE lsh,d idudkH fhka tïndï tll§ bj;a lrk wjhj muKla fkfjhs wfkl=;a wjhj mjd bj;a lr,d ;snqfKa lsh,d ta jf.au urK mÍlaIKhlska f;drj iajdñkajykafiaf.a foayh N=ñ odkh fkfjhs wdodykh lrkak wdKavqj ueÈy;a fj,d lghq;= lrkjd Wkajykafiaf.a wjidk leue;a; wkqj fkfjhs wjika lghq;= isoaO jqfKa wdKavqjg leue;s úÈyg isoaO jqfKa ta ksid Wkajykafiaf.a wmj;a ùu ms<snoj Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal yuqrefjda u;=lrk fï ielh, fpdaokdj ms<snoj wdKavqj ksIaYíoj n,d isáu jerÈhs lsh,hs wms úYajdi lrkafka
ñg l,ska j¾;udk mrïmrdj fkdokajd jqK;a 1960 oYlfha wdKavq úfrdaê igfka bÈßfhka isá fldg.u Y%s jdÑiajr kdhl iajdñkajykafiaf.a yÈis wmj;a ùug;a, 1980 oYlfha tcdm wdKavqjg úreoaOj igfka fmruqfKa isá mqcH ,nqÿfõ isßOïu kdñhkaf.a yÈis wmj;a ùug;a we.s,a, È.=jqfha wdKavqjghs ta jf.au rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d ñg l,ska w.ue;s Oqrh ork iufha mqcH .xf.dvú, fidau ysñhkq;a wNsryia f,i wmj;a jqKd wdKqvqjg ñkSueßfï fpdaokd t,a, fjoaÈ ta urKhg m;afjkafka fï rfÜ iqm%lg, iudcfha w;suy;a f.!rjhg m;afjÉp h;sjrhka kula fjoaÈ wdKavqj ñg jvd laI‚lj fïlg ms<s;=re ,nd Èh hq;=j ;snqKd ta ksid .re ckdêm;s;=uks, .re w.ue;s;=uks Tfí wef;a f,a ke;akï udÿ¿jdfõfidaNs; kdhl iajdñkajykafiaf.a yÈis wNsryia wmj;a ùu ms<sno ckdêm;s lñIka iNdjla m;a lr,d hï hï f;dr;=re okakd whg bÈßhg weú;a idlaIs fokak wjia:djla fokak lsh,d wms b,a,d isákjd tfyu fkdjqfkd;a Tjqkaf.a wef.a .Efjk f,a me,a,ï ðú;fha lsisodl uld .kak neß fjkjd lshk wk;=re we.ùu;a wms wdKavqjg lrkjd
fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a .ek fkdo;a úÿ,s bxðfkarejd
miq.sh úÿ,sh ìo jeàï ms<snoj ,xld úÿ,s n,uKav,fha úÿ,s bkaðfkarejkaf.a ix.uh fndfydu meyeÈ,sju m%ldY l<d yßyeá kv;a;= fkdl, g%dkaiaf*daurhl isÿjq msmsÍfuka ;uhs fï úÿ,s úikaÈùu jqfka lsh,hs ysgmq úÿ,s n, weu;s mdprKjl weu;s;=uka lshkafka fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a nd, m%ñ;sfhka hqlal ùu ksihs fï úÿ,sh ìo jeàu Wfka lsh, wmsg t;=ukaf.ka wykak fjkafka fkdfrdÉfpdaf, úÿ,s n,d.drfha jev wdrïN lf,a ljqreka úÿ,sn, weu;sj isáh§h uu u fkdfõoehs jodrkakhs t;=ukag isoaO fjkafka fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a úÿ,s n,d.drh ksis m%ñ;shg yo, ke;akï wehs weu;s;=uka ta n,d.drh yomq iud.fuka ndr.;af;a ta ksid úÿ,s n,d.drh iud.u úiska yo, ndrfooaÈ ndr.;a whg j.lSula ;sfhkjd th ksis m%ñ;shg yo,o lsh, mÍlaIdfldg n,d ndr.kak ta ú;rla fkfjhs t;=ukag l,ska ysgmq weu;sjreka fofokdu kS;s{jre t;=ukag miqj wdmq weu;s jßh;a kS;s{ jßhla kuq;a t;=uka úÿ,s bkaðfkarefjla ta ksid wfka ux okafk kE lshkak t;=ukag nE ta ksid n,d.drh ksis m%ñ;shg ke;akï thg j. lsj hq;af;a tjgh úÿ,s n, weu;s mdp rKjl weu;s;=uhs lsh, wms u;la lrkjd
- wrúkao w;=fldar,
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