rg mdjd § weú;a uyd ch.%yKhla ,enQ nj lshñka rg mqrd fmdaiag¾ we,jd ;snQ nj msú;=re fy< Wreufha kdhl md¾,sfïka;= Woh .ïukams, uy;d mjihs Tyq fufia lshd isáfha taldnoao úmlaIh úiska fld<U úydruydfoaù t,suyka rx. mSGfha§ mej;s ckiuq¿j wu;ñks
uka;%Sjrhd tys§ fufiao lSh
—rks,a ffu;%S fouqyqka wdKavqj ðksjd .sys,a,d fouqyqka hqo wmrdO wêlrKhla msysg jkak tl.;djh m, lr,d weú;a bkakjd wo wfma úmlaIfha wms lshkjd fï msysg jkafka fouqyqka wêlrKhla ;uhs lsh,d wdKavqfõ wh lshkjd kE kE fïl fouqyqka wêlrKhla fkfjhs foaYsh hka;%khla ;uhs lrkak hkafka lsh,d Tkak oeka ck;djh m%Yakhla, úmlaIh tlla lshkjd wdKavqj ;j tlla lshkjd fï l;d lrkafka fhdckd folla .eko lsh,d ck;djg m%Yakhl;a ;sfhkjd fï m%Yakh úiokak mq¿jka tlu l%uh iïu; lrmq fhdckdj m%isoaO lsÍfuka muKuhs hkak úfoaY wud;HkaYfha fjí wvúhg ;du ;sfhkafka iema;eïn¾ 28 flgqï m; hkak udkj ysïlï ukav,fha fjí wvúhg wfka ;u mßj¾;kh lrkjd NdId j,g iïu; lrmq fhdckdj fldfyj;a kE ñ;%jrefka wksoaog Y%s ,xldj ta W;a;rh wdh;khg NdrÈh hq;=hs ðksjd fhdckdj .ek újdohla wdrïN lrkak iqodkï md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekag ;uka iïu; lrmq fhdckdj fudllao lsh,d wdKavqj ;du lsh,d kE fhdckdj fudllao lsh,d okafka ke;=j wms fldfyduo újdo lrkafka wehs fïl yx.kafka we;a; t<s lrkak nho@ jydu iïu; l, fhdckjd bÈßm;a lrkakehs lsh,d wms wdKavqjg n, lrkjd
ta jf.au ñ;%jrefka fïl fouqyqka lshkafka wehs@ ,xldfõ úksYapldfhda bkak wêlrKhla kï tl foaYsh wêlrkhla úfoaY rg j,ska tjk úksYaplrfhd kï bkafka tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixúOdkfhka m;alrkq ,nk úksYapldrkreka kï bkafka wkak tl fouqyqka wêlrKhla tl úfoaYsh wêlrKhla ta whhs fï whhs tl;= jqKdu ;uhs fouqyqka wêlrKhla fjkafka iïu; lr .;a fhdckdfõ 06 fjks j.ka;sfha b;d meyeÈ,sj lshkjd úfiaYsh úksiqrejka ú;rla fkfjhs, meñ‚,a, fufyh jk fmd,sisfh;a fï lÜáh bkak Tfka¨ kS;sm;sf.a ld¾h lrk ;ek;a úfoaYslhka bkak Tfka¨ fïl fouqyqka wêlrkhla fkfjhs ñ;%jrefka fouqyqka wêlrk hdka;%khla wêlrK l%shdj,sfha ieu ;eklu iqoaod bkak fhdckdjlghs wms tl. fj,d ;sfhkafka ñ;%jrefka wmsg u;lhs fïl ;kslr iqoaof.a wêlrKhla wms lshj,d ;sfhkjd f,akdä jq,amaf.a noafoa.u kj l;dj tfla isksÿg úreoaoj kvq wykafka iqoafoda wfma NdIdj f;afrkafka ke;s, wfma ixialD;sh okafka ke;s, ú;a;sldrhd fudllao lshkafka lsh,d f;afrkafka ke;s iqoafoda wfka isksÿ jerÈldrhd fjkjd isksÿj wrka .syska ur,d odkjd isksÿ lrmq jro isksÿ okafk;a kE isksÿ lshmq ksoyig ldrkd iqoaog f;arefk;a kE tod noafoa.u isksÿf.a brku wfma rKúrejkag w;a fjkak wms bv ;shkfka kE lsh,d wms wdKavqjg u;la lrkak leu;shs
ñ;%jrefka rKúrejka ;u ðú;h mrÿjg ;enqfõ wfma ðú;h fír .kak rKúrejka ;ukaf.a weia , lka, w;a, md mqcd lf,a wfma ðú; fírd .kak rKúrejkag wo weia , lka, w;a, md kE Tjqkag b;=re fj,d ;sfhkafka wd;au f.!re;ajh ú;rhs hqo wmrdO fpdaokd yo,d wfma rKúrejkaf.a wd;au f.!re;ajh úkdY lrkak wms bv ;shkfka kE lsh,d wms rKúrejkag fmdfrdkaÿ fjkak leu;shs
ta jf.au wo wehs wfma hqo úrejka hqo wêlrKhg olalkak yokafka weußldfõ ,eÊcdj jy.kak 2001 fkjeïn¾ ufia weußldkq yuqodj f.dv neiaid we*a.ksia;dkhg tod boka hqoao l,d ;f,andka,g úreoaoj wfma fldákag ld,;=jlal= ;snqKd ;f,andka,g ld,;=jlal= ;snqfka kE fldákag hqoao gexls ;snqKd ;f,andka,g hqoao gexls ;snqfka kE fldákag .=jka hkd ;snqKd ;f,andka,g .=jka hkd ;snqfka kE fldákag iíueßK ;snqKd ;f,andka,g iíueßK ;snqfka kE tfyu ;f,andka,d ;,d .kak nerej weußldj o.,oaÈ f,dj n,.;=u ;%ia;jd§ ixúOdkh jir ;=kla jeks b;s iq¿ ld,hlska jkid ou,d weußldjg ,eÊcdjla f.kdj ksihs wfma rKúrejkag wo ovqhï lrkak yokafka tl ksid ñ;%jrefka wo hqo wmrdO mßlaIKhla lrkak wjYH kï fï hqo wmrdO mßlaIKh mgka .kak Tfka f.oßka weußldj úhÜkduh hqo wmrdO mßlaIKhla l,do@ kE brdlh hqo wmrdO mßlaIK l,do@ kE we*a.ksia;dkh hqo wmrdO mßlaIK l,do@ t;a kE we*a.ksia;dkh hqo wmrdO mßlaIK lrka ì;dkh wdKavqfjka m;alrd Ñ,afldÜ fldñiu m;a lf,a 2010 W.;a mdvï fldñiu m;a l, wjqreoafoa wfma W.;a mdvï fldñiu jirla we;=,; jd¾;dj fok fldg Ñ,afldÜ fldñiu ;du jd¾;dj È,d kE È,d kE fkfjhs fokak bv fokafka kE weußldj n,meï lrkjd tx.,ka;hg Th jd¾;dj t<shg odkak tmd wfma frÈ .e,fjhs lsh,d wms nerela Tndug lshkjd Tjd fokq mryg ;ud iïu;fha msysgd isg lsh,d wjikdjg nerela Tndug isxy, neß yskaod iqNdIs;h, f,dafldmldrh, f,dajevi.rdj jeks fmd;a lshj,d ke;s yskaohs wmsg wo hqo wmrdO .ek mdvï lsh,d fokak tkafka yenehs ñ;%jrefka wfma ðksjd fhdckdfjka isoao flrefka weußldj jf.a rgj,a j,g hqo wmrdO j,g ovqjï Èfï b;sydihla ke;s jqKdg wmsg tfyu b;sydihla ;sfhkjd wfma rKúrejka 71 lere,a, u¾okh l, nj we;a;hs yenehs fma%uj;s ukïfmaßj ÿIKh lr,d ur,d odmq whg wêlrKfhka ovqjï ÿkakd ol=fka fma%uj;sg ú;rla fkfjhs, W;=f¾ l%sIdka;s l%sIak iajñg;a wfma wêlrkfhka iodrkh bIaG jqKd ol=fka iqßh lkao, fydlkaor iuqy ñksj,j,a ú;rla fkfjhs, W;=f¾ ñksj,j,a iïnkaoj wfma wêlrKh iodrkh bIaG lrd tl ksid iqoaof.a wêlrKhla wmsg tmd wfma rfÜ kS;sh hqla;sh misok l%ufõoh fydogu Yla;su;a weußldjg;a hqla;sh fmkakkak mq¿jka Yla;su;a wêlrKhla wmsg ;sfhkjd lsh,d wms isysm;a lrkak Tfka
ñ;%jrefka fï ðksjd fhdckdj iïu; lr f.k uyd ch.%ykhla úÈyg yqjd oelajqjdg 1815 ms<su;,dfõ yd weyef,afmd, fokakd tlg tl;= fj,d w;aika l, hg;a úfï .súiqug jvd rks,a ffu;%S 2015 § lrmq hg;a úfï .súiqu Nhdklhs tod wfma rg hg;a jqfka tx.,ka;hg ú;rhs fuod mdr wfma rg hg;a lr,d ;sfhkafka iuia; c;Hka;r m%cdjguhs ta ksid fï mjd §u jeks mjd §ula b;sydifha ljodj;a fj,d kE ch.%ykhla kï 2009 § uyskao uy;a;hg;a lrkak ;snqKd fï fhdckdj 2009 È;a wjd uyskao uy;a;hd oek f.k isáhd f,dlfha b;sß fj,d bkak tlu iqmsß n,j;d weußldj ;uhs lsh, uyskao uy;a;hd oekf.k ysáhd weußldj;a tlal yemafmk wdKavq fmr,kak CIA jev lrkjd lsh,d yenehs ñ;%jrefka ;ukaf.a ckdêm;sOqrh mrÿjg ;sh,d wfma rfÜ iajdêk;ajh rel .kak weußldj jf.a fhdOfhla tlal yemafmkak ;ruï fldkaola wfma uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=udg ;snqKd lsh,d wms lshkak leu;shs ñ;%jrefka rg mj,d È,d ,xldjg weú;a lshkjd uyd ch.%ykhla ,enqj¨ tlg yßhkak ;dmam mqrd fmdiag¾, ykaÈhla .fka lgjqÜ .ykafka kï kE lsh,d ta ldf,a lshqfõ wfka b;ska keÜgqfjda fnrldrfhd wrf.k .=jkaf;dgqmf,a tlu cjksldjhs tg mj,d §,d tk hk uqK yx. f.k fydr mdf¾ tkak Tfka fukak fndf,a úrfhla jf.a tkjd wfma weue;a;f;d;a nq,;a §,d, folg keú,d jeo,hs ms<s.kafka ful olsk ck;dj ys;kjd mjd §ula fjkak nE mjd ÿkak flfkla fufyu thso lsh,d fïl udOH w,a,ka lrk r.meula hqo wmrdO wêlrK mK; m%isoaO jqKdu t<shg tkjd fndrej yeu ;siafiau rc lrkafka kE ffu;%S uy;a;fhda lsh,d wms t;=ug u;la lrkak Tfka
ñ;%jrefka fï rg mskaìula fï rg f,aisfhka hg;a lr .kak neß rgla fï rg b;sydifha ljr ljrodj;au uq¿ukskau hg;a lr .kak mq¿jka jqfKa kE fid,, mdKavj, flar, wdl%uK wjd hg;a lr .kak mq¿jka jqfKa rcrg ú;rhs ta jf.au mD;=.%sis, ,kafoais, bx.%sis wjd hg;a lr .kak mq¿jka jqfKa my; rg ú;rhs 1815 .súiqula .y,d fï rg iqoaog Ndr fok ;=reu fï rg uq¿ukskau hg;a lr .kak ldgj;a neß jqKd tod neß jqK foa fuod iqÿ fjkak bv ;sìfnd;a wkd.; mrïmrdfõ idmh ysñfjkafka wmsghs ñ;%jrefka wms fï rg hg;a lrkak bv È,d ksjgj n,ka ysáfhd;a ÿgq .euqKq, úchNd, merl=ïNd rcjre wmsg idm lrdù mqrka wmamq,d, f.dka.df,a f.dvnKav,d, lemamdáfmd,,d, uvq.,af,,d wmsg idm lrdù ksoyia igfka wjika fikam;shka jk wfma jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha kdhlhka jk tka tï fld,aúka, ms,sma, úl%uisxy, f,ia,s jf.a kdhlhska wmsg idm lrdù ta ksid uõìfï ksoyia wr.,h h,s wdrïN lrk fudfyd; kej; weú;a ;sfhkjd tl wfma brkuhs ñ;%jrefka fï uyd j¾Idjla fmks fmks, uyd u¾okhla fmks fmkS ;uqkakdkafia,d fuf;kag wdfõ tl ;uqkakdkafia,df.a brku ksid tod ÿgq .euqKq l=udrh;a tlal úð;mqr n,kak .sh fiakdfõ ;uqkakdkafia,d bkak we;s tod bka§hdfõ f;d, uqKav, wêrdcHdg tfrysj ls¾;s úchnd l=udrh;a tlal ;uqkakdkafia,d bkak we;s úrmqrka wmamq;a tlal ;=jlal=jg ,hmdmq fiakdfõ ;uqkakdkafia,d;a bkak we;s fï wÈIaGdkh fï ixidr mqreoao ;uhs ish¿ wNsfhd. ueo ;uqkakdkafia,d fuf;kag wrf.k wdfõ ta ksid ñ;%jrefka miq.sh j;dfõ wms igkla wdrïN lrd ui wgla mqrd fï mjd fokakf.a wdKavqj f.or hj,d foaYfma%ñ wdKavqjla msysgjkak wr.,hla lrd wka;sug nq,;a fldf,ka ;r. lrkak .sys,a,d wfma udi wgg f.dvk.mq ck /,a, mqia fjä,a,la fj,d bjr jqKd ta fudvlï j,ska mdvï bf.k f.k fuod mdr fï foaY;a øෝys wdKavqj f.or hjk foaYfma%ñ ckm%jdyh f.dvk.kak wms;a tlal tl;= fjkak lsh,d ;uqkakdkafia,d ish¿ fokdgu wrdOkd lrkjd˜
- wrúkao w;=fldar,
uka;%Sjrhd tys§ fufiao lSh
—rks,a ffu;%S fouqyqka wdKavqj ðksjd .sys,a,d fouqyqka hqo wmrdO wêlrKhla msysg jkak tl.;djh m, lr,d weú;a bkakjd wo wfma úmlaIfha wms lshkjd fï msysg jkafka fouqyqka wêlrKhla ;uhs lsh,d wdKavqfõ wh lshkjd kE kE fïl fouqyqka wêlrKhla fkfjhs foaYsh hka;%khla ;uhs lrkak hkafka lsh,d Tkak oeka ck;djh m%Yakhla, úmlaIh tlla lshkjd wdKavqj ;j tlla lshkjd fï l;d lrkafka fhdckd folla .eko lsh,d ck;djg m%Yakhl;a ;sfhkjd fï m%Yakh úiokak mq¿jka tlu l%uh iïu; lrmq fhdckdj m%isoaO lsÍfuka muKuhs hkak úfoaY wud;HkaYfha fjí wvúhg ;du ;sfhkafka iema;eïn¾ 28 flgqï m; hkak udkj ysïlï ukav,fha fjí wvúhg wfka ;u mßj¾;kh lrkjd NdId j,g iïu; lrmq fhdckdj fldfyj;a kE ñ;%jrefka wksoaog Y%s ,xldj ta W;a;rh wdh;khg NdrÈh hq;=hs ðksjd fhdckdj .ek újdohla wdrïN lrkak iqodkï md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekag ;uka iïu; lrmq fhdckdj fudllao lsh,d wdKavqj ;du lsh,d kE fhdckdj fudllao lsh,d okafka ke;=j wms fldfyduo újdo lrkafka wehs fïl yx.kafka we;a; t<s lrkak nho@ jydu iïu; l, fhdckjd bÈßm;a lrkakehs lsh,d wms wdKavqjg n, lrkjd
ta jf.au ñ;%jrefka fïl fouqyqka lshkafka wehs@ ,xldfõ úksYapldfhda bkak wêlrKhla kï tl foaYsh wêlrkhla úfoaY rg j,ska tjk úksYaplrfhd kï bkafka tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixúOdkfhka m;alrkq ,nk úksYapldrkreka kï bkafka wkak tl fouqyqka wêlrKhla tl úfoaYsh wêlrKhla ta whhs fï whhs tl;= jqKdu ;uhs fouqyqka wêlrKhla fjkafka iïu; lr .;a fhdckdfõ 06 fjks j.ka;sfha b;d meyeÈ,sj lshkjd úfiaYsh úksiqrejka ú;rla fkfjhs, meñ‚,a, fufyh jk fmd,sisfh;a fï lÜáh bkak Tfka¨ kS;sm;sf.a ld¾h lrk ;ek;a úfoaYslhka bkak Tfka¨ fïl fouqyqka wêlrkhla fkfjhs ñ;%jrefka fouqyqka wêlrk hdka;%khla wêlrK l%shdj,sfha ieu ;eklu iqoaod bkak fhdckdjlghs wms tl. fj,d ;sfhkafka ñ;%jrefka wmsg u;lhs fïl ;kslr iqoaof.a wêlrKhla wms lshj,d ;sfhkjd f,akdä jq,amaf.a noafoa.u kj l;dj tfla isksÿg úreoaoj kvq wykafka iqoafoda wfma NdIdj f;afrkafka ke;s, wfma ixialD;sh okafka ke;s, ú;a;sldrhd fudllao lshkafka lsh,d f;afrkafka ke;s iqoafoda wfka isksÿ jerÈldrhd fjkjd isksÿj wrka .syska ur,d odkjd isksÿ lrmq jro isksÿ okafk;a kE isksÿ lshmq ksoyig ldrkd iqoaog f;arefk;a kE tod noafoa.u isksÿf.a brku wfma rKúrejkag w;a fjkak wms bv ;shkfka kE lsh,d wms wdKavqjg u;la lrkak leu;shs
ñ;%jrefka rKúrejka ;u ðú;h mrÿjg ;enqfõ wfma ðú;h fír .kak rKúrejka ;ukaf.a weia , lka, w;a, md mqcd lf,a wfma ðú; fírd .kak rKúrejkag wo weia , lka, w;a, md kE Tjqkag b;=re fj,d ;sfhkafka wd;au f.!re;ajh ú;rhs hqo wmrdO fpdaokd yo,d wfma rKúrejkaf.a wd;au f.!re;ajh úkdY lrkak wms bv ;shkfka kE lsh,d wms rKúrejkag fmdfrdkaÿ fjkak leu;shs
ta jf.au wo wehs wfma hqo úrejka hqo wêlrKhg olalkak yokafka weußldfõ ,eÊcdj jy.kak 2001 fkjeïn¾ ufia weußldkq yuqodj f.dv neiaid we*a.ksia;dkhg tod boka hqoao l,d ;f,andka,g úreoaoj wfma fldákag ld,;=jlal= ;snqKd ;f,andka,g ld,;=jlal= ;snqfka kE fldákag hqoao gexls ;snqKd ;f,andka,g hqoao gexls ;snqfka kE fldákag .=jka hkd ;snqKd ;f,andka,g .=jka hkd ;snqfka kE fldákag iíueßK ;snqKd ;f,andka,g iíueßK ;snqfka kE tfyu ;f,andka,d ;,d .kak nerej weußldj o.,oaÈ f,dj n,.;=u ;%ia;jd§ ixúOdkh jir ;=kla jeks b;s iq¿ ld,hlska jkid ou,d weußldjg ,eÊcdjla f.kdj ksihs wfma rKúrejkag wo ovqhï lrkak yokafka tl ksid ñ;%jrefka wo hqo wmrdO mßlaIKhla lrkak wjYH kï fï hqo wmrdO mßlaIKh mgka .kak Tfka f.oßka weußldj úhÜkduh hqo wmrdO mßlaIKhla l,do@ kE brdlh hqo wmrdO mßlaIK l,do@ kE we*a.ksia;dkh hqo wmrdO mßlaIK l,do@ t;a kE we*a.ksia;dkh hqo wmrdO mßlaIK lrka ì;dkh wdKavqfjka m;alrd Ñ,afldÜ fldñiu m;a lf,a 2010 W.;a mdvï fldñiu m;a l, wjqreoafoa wfma W.;a mdvï fldñiu jirla we;=,; jd¾;dj fok fldg Ñ,afldÜ fldñiu ;du jd¾;dj È,d kE È,d kE fkfjhs fokak bv fokafka kE weußldj n,meï lrkjd tx.,ka;hg Th jd¾;dj t<shg odkak tmd wfma frÈ .e,fjhs lsh,d wms nerela Tndug lshkjd Tjd fokq mryg ;ud iïu;fha msysgd isg lsh,d wjikdjg nerela Tndug isxy, neß yskaod iqNdIs;h, f,dafldmldrh, f,dajevi.rdj jeks fmd;a lshj,d ke;s yskaohs wmsg wo hqo wmrdO .ek mdvï lsh,d fokak tkafka yenehs ñ;%jrefka wfma ðksjd fhdckdfjka isoao flrefka weußldj jf.a rgj,a j,g hqo wmrdO j,g ovqjï Èfï b;sydihla ke;s jqKdg wmsg tfyu b;sydihla ;sfhkjd wfma rKúrejka 71 lere,a, u¾okh l, nj we;a;hs yenehs fma%uj;s ukïfmaßj ÿIKh lr,d ur,d odmq whg wêlrKfhka ovqjï ÿkakd ol=fka fma%uj;sg ú;rla fkfjhs, W;=f¾ l%sIdka;s l%sIak iajñg;a wfma wêlrkfhka iodrkh bIaG jqKd ol=fka iqßh lkao, fydlkaor iuqy ñksj,j,a ú;rla fkfjhs, W;=f¾ ñksj,j,a iïnkaoj wfma wêlrKh iodrkh bIaG lrd tl ksid iqoaof.a wêlrKhla wmsg tmd wfma rfÜ kS;sh hqla;sh misok l%ufõoh fydogu Yla;su;a weußldjg;a hqla;sh fmkakkak mq¿jka Yla;su;a wêlrKhla wmsg ;sfhkjd lsh,d wms isysm;a lrkak Tfka
ñ;%jrefka fï ðksjd fhdckdj iïu; lr f.k uyd ch.%ykhla úÈyg yqjd oelajqjdg 1815 ms<su;,dfõ yd weyef,afmd, fokakd tlg tl;= fj,d w;aika l, hg;a úfï .súiqug jvd rks,a ffu;%S 2015 § lrmq hg;a úfï .súiqu Nhdklhs tod wfma rg hg;a jqfka tx.,ka;hg ú;rhs fuod mdr wfma rg hg;a lr,d ;sfhkafka iuia; c;Hka;r m%cdjguhs ta ksid fï mjd §u jeks mjd §ula b;sydifha ljodj;a fj,d kE ch.%ykhla kï 2009 § uyskao uy;a;hg;a lrkak ;snqKd fï fhdckdj 2009 È;a wjd uyskao uy;a;hd oek f.k isáhd f,dlfha b;sß fj,d bkak tlu iqmsß n,j;d weußldj ;uhs lsh, uyskao uy;a;hd oekf.k ysáhd weußldj;a tlal yemafmk wdKavq fmr,kak CIA jev lrkjd lsh,d yenehs ñ;%jrefka ;ukaf.a ckdêm;sOqrh mrÿjg ;sh,d wfma rfÜ iajdêk;ajh rel .kak weußldj jf.a fhdOfhla tlal yemafmkak ;ruï fldkaola wfma uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=udg ;snqKd lsh,d wms lshkak leu;shs ñ;%jrefka rg mj,d È,d ,xldjg weú;a lshkjd uyd ch.%ykhla ,enqj¨ tlg yßhkak ;dmam mqrd fmdiag¾, ykaÈhla .fka lgjqÜ .ykafka kï kE lsh,d ta ldf,a lshqfõ wfka b;ska keÜgqfjda fnrldrfhd wrf.k .=jkaf;dgqmf,a tlu cjksldjhs tg mj,d §,d tk hk uqK yx. f.k fydr mdf¾ tkak Tfka fukak fndf,a úrfhla jf.a tkjd wfma weue;a;f;d;a nq,;a §,d, folg keú,d jeo,hs ms<s.kafka ful olsk ck;dj ys;kjd mjd §ula fjkak nE mjd ÿkak flfkla fufyu thso lsh,d fïl udOH w,a,ka lrk r.meula hqo wmrdO wêlrK mK; m%isoaO jqKdu t<shg tkjd fndrej yeu ;siafiau rc lrkafka kE ffu;%S uy;a;fhda lsh,d wms t;=ug u;la lrkak Tfka
ñ;%jrefka fï rg mskaìula fï rg f,aisfhka hg;a lr .kak neß rgla fï rg b;sydifha ljr ljrodj;au uq¿ukskau hg;a lr .kak mq¿jka jqfKa kE fid,, mdKavj, flar, wdl%uK wjd hg;a lr .kak mq¿jka jqfKa rcrg ú;rhs ta jf.au mD;=.%sis, ,kafoais, bx.%sis wjd hg;a lr .kak mq¿jka jqfKa my; rg ú;rhs 1815 .súiqula .y,d fï rg iqoaog Ndr fok ;=reu fï rg uq¿ukskau hg;a lr .kak ldgj;a neß jqKd tod neß jqK foa fuod iqÿ fjkak bv ;sìfnd;a wkd.; mrïmrdfõ idmh ysñfjkafka wmsghs ñ;%jrefka wms fï rg hg;a lrkak bv È,d ksjgj n,ka ysáfhd;a ÿgq .euqKq, úchNd, merl=ïNd rcjre wmsg idm lrdù mqrka wmamq,d, f.dka.df,a f.dvnKav,d, lemamdáfmd,,d, uvq.,af,,d wmsg idm lrdù ksoyia igfka wjika fikam;shka jk wfma jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha kdhlhka jk tka tï fld,aúka, ms,sma, úl%uisxy, f,ia,s jf.a kdhlhska wmsg idm lrdù ta ksid uõìfï ksoyia wr.,h h,s wdrïN lrk fudfyd; kej; weú;a ;sfhkjd tl wfma brkuhs ñ;%jrefka fï uyd j¾Idjla fmks fmks, uyd u¾okhla fmks fmkS ;uqkakdkafia,d fuf;kag wdfõ tl ;uqkakdkafia,df.a brku ksid tod ÿgq .euqKq l=udrh;a tlal úð;mqr n,kak .sh fiakdfõ ;uqkakdkafia,d bkak we;s tod bka§hdfõ f;d, uqKav, wêrdcHdg tfrysj ls¾;s úchnd l=udrh;a tlal ;uqkakdkafia,d bkak we;s úrmqrka wmamq;a tlal ;=jlal=jg ,hmdmq fiakdfõ ;uqkakdkafia,d;a bkak we;s fï wÈIaGdkh fï ixidr mqreoao ;uhs ish¿ wNsfhd. ueo ;uqkakdkafia,d fuf;kag wrf.k wdfõ ta ksid ñ;%jrefka miq.sh j;dfõ wms igkla wdrïN lrd ui wgla mqrd fï mjd fokakf.a wdKavqj f.or hj,d foaYfma%ñ wdKavqjla msysgjkak wr.,hla lrd wka;sug nq,;a fldf,ka ;r. lrkak .sys,a,d wfma udi wgg f.dvk.mq ck /,a, mqia fjä,a,la fj,d bjr jqKd ta fudvlï j,ska mdvï bf.k f.k fuod mdr fï foaY;a øෝys wdKavqj f.or hjk foaYfma%ñ ckm%jdyh f.dvk.kak wms;a tlal tl;= fjkak lsh,d ;uqkakdkafia,d ish¿ fokdgu wrdOkd lrkjd˜
- wrúkao w;=fldar,
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